Abstract
Cardiac rehabilitation services have developed worldwide over the last few decades. The World Health Organization definitions of cardiac rehabilitation of 1969 and 1993 outlined what was required of a cardiac rehabilitation service for patients with coronary heart disease. However, as might be expected, different countries and health provision services developed different styles of programs in response to local funding, available staff, and patient profiles. As a result of this, many international bodies developed their own guidelines and policies for the provision of cardiac rehabilitation.1, 2, 3, 4 The CARINEX survey of current guidelines and practices within the European Union5 identified 20 professional guidelines since 1990, in nine languages across Europe alone. Twelve separate countries had national guidelines.
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