Abstract
BackgroundThe preventive effect of fluralaner chewable tablets (Bravecto™) against transmission of Babesia canis by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks was evaluated.MethodsSixteen dogs, tested negative for B. canis by PCR and IFAT, were allocated to two study groups. On day 0, dogs in one group (n = 8) were treated once orally with a fluralaner chewable tablet according to label recommendations and dogs in the control group (n = 8) remained untreated. On days 2, 28, 56, 70 and 84, dogs were infested with 50 (±4) B. canis infected D. reticulatus ticks with tick in situ thumb counts 48 ± 4 h post-infestation. Prior to each infestation, the D. reticulatus ticks were confirmed to harbour B. canis by PCR analysis. On day 90, ticks were counted and removed from all dogs. Efficacy against ticks was calculated for each assessment time point. After treatment, all dogs were physically examined in conjunction with blood collection for PCR every 7 days, blood samples for IFAT were collected every 14 days and the dog’s rectal body temperature was measured thrice weekly. From dogs displaying symptoms of babesiosis or were PCR positive, a blood smear was taken, and, if positive, dogs were rescue treated and replaced with a replacement dog. The preventive effect was evaluated by comparing infected dogs in the treated group with infected dogs in the untreated control group.ResultsAll control dogs became infected with B. canis, as confirmed by PCR and IFAT. None of the 8 treated dogs became infected with B. canis, as IFAT and PCR were negative throughout the study until day 112. Fluralaner chewable tablet was 100 % effective against ticks on days 4, 30, 58, and 90 and an efficacy of 99.6 % and 99.2 % was achieved on day 72 and day 86 after treatment, respectively. Over the 12-week study duration, a 100 % preventive effect against B. canis transmission was demonstrated.ConclusionsA single oral administration of fluralaner chewable tablets effectively prevented the transmission of B. canis by infected D. reticulatus ticks over a 12-week period.
Highlights
The preventive effect of fluralaner chewable tablets (BravectoTM) against transmission of Babesia canis by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks was evaluated
In total 19 replacement dogs (10 male, 9 female) were included in the control group throughout the study, ensuring that at each tick infestation time point, the control group consisted of 8 animals, which was possible for all infestation time points except the last one on day 84
An efficacy against ticks at each assessment time point between 99.2 and 100 % was achieved after single oral fluralaner treatment
Summary
The preventive effect of fluralaner chewable tablets (BravectoTM) against transmission of Babesia canis by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks was evaluated. In Europe to date, four Babesia species known to affect dogs have been identified. Nov., previously known as Babesia microti-like [1,2,3]. Babesia vogeli, Babesia gibsoni and Babesia vulpes sp. Of these species, B. canis is the most widely distributed in Europe, coinciding with the distribution of its known vector Dermacentor reticulatus, the ornate dog tick. B. vogeli is most often found around the Mediterranean basin where Rhipicephalus sanguineus is the predominant tick species. The Babesia vulpes sp. nov. species seems to be centered in the northwest of Spain whereas the occurrence of B. gibsoni is reported more sporadically [2, 4]
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