Prevention of the proliferation of oral pathogens due to prolonged mask use based on α-cyclodextrin and hydroxytyrosol mouthwash.

Abstract

Face masks help contain the aerosol-mediated transmission of infectious viral particles released from individuals via cough and sneezes. However, the prolonged use of face masks has raised concerns regarding oral hygiene. Here, we present a mouthwash formulation based on α-cyclodextrin and hydroxytyrosol that can maintain healthy oral microbiota. We isolated and cultured Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and a mix of Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Neisseria sp. from oral and throat swabs. The microorganisms were cultured in a standard medium with or without the mouthwash. To evaluate the effect of the mouthwash on the oral microbiota, the DNA from the saliva of 3 volunteers that used the mouthwash was extracted. Then, the DNA was amplified using primer pairs specific for bacterial and fungal DNA. Twelve further volunteers were offered to use the mouthwash and a questionnaire was submitted to them to assess the possible beneficial effects of mouthwash on halitosis and other oral disturbances. The bacteria and fungi cultured in media containing the mouthwash showed a growth reduction ranging from 20 to 80%. The PCR amplification of fungal and bacterial DNA extracted from volunteers that used the mouthwash showed a reduction of both bacteria and fungi. Volunteers that used the mouthwash reported a tendency towards a reduction of halitosis, gingival and mouth inflammation, and dry mouth. The use of a mouthwash containing α-cyclodextrin and hydroxytyrosol is not aggressive against oral mucosa; it is safe and effective to reduce the bacterial and fungal load due to the continuous use of face masks.