Prevention of Tap Water Scald Burns

Abstract

Scald burns, which account for the vast majority of burn injuries in children, are preventable. Of primary importance in prevention is a safe environment. The authors urge that three design modification measures be adopted. First, all home water heater thermostats should be set no higher than 130 °F. The only need for hotter water is for dishwasher detergents; however, many modern dishwashers have internal heating elements that eliminate the need for hot water heaters to be set above 130 °F. Next, tempering valves can prevent overheated water from coming out of the tap. These valves, which can be installed at a reasonable cost, are recommended if the water heater is set higher than 130 °F. They are particularly useful in apartment buildings. Finally, if the previous options are not immediately feasible, modifying the faucet handles may be helpful. Large round handles or push-and-turn-type handles could prevent young children from turning on the hot water. The hot water handle can also be tightened or even removed. In addition, safety education is an important part of scald burn prevention. The major points to emphasize with parents and other caregivers are (1) to supervise children constantly when they are in the bathroom and kitchen, and (2) to run cold water in the tub first and always to test the temperature.