Abstract
The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN) injury is an important and not uncommon, though frequently overlooked, complication of thyroid surgery. Deep knowledge of the anatomy of the region of the superior thyroid pole and the EBSLN is important. Careful dissection in the area of the superior pole and individual exposure and independent ligation of the superior thyroid artery branches close to the thyroid capsule is essential to avoid such an injury. Visual identification of the nerve may be useful but is not always possible, and neuromonitoring can be helpful. Existing data in the literature are conflicting as concerns the benefits provided by nerve stimulation in terms of nerve identification and transient or permanent injury prevention. Further prospective randomized studies are necessary in order to draw definitive conclusions.
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