Abstract
Every pregnant woman needs continuous, timely and supportive care throughout during pregnancy for safe motherhood. The objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate the available medications and techniques for the prevention and treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. The standard methodology of systematic review without meta-analysis was followed and only RCTs and systematic reviews were included in the review. Three electronic data sources (PubMed/Medline, CINAHL, and Cochrane) were searched for studies, published between 1986 and 2016 on the prevention and control of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. 47 studies were finally included in the review, of which 18 were systematic reviews and 29 were RCTs. Technologies and techniques used in the included studies for the prevention and control of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are Magnesium Sulphate, Aspirin, Antioxidant (Vitamin C, E and Lycopene), Calcium supplementation, Chinese Herbal Medicine, physical activities, Nitric Oxide, Marine Food Oils, Low Salt Diet, Garlic, Plasma Volume Expansion, Low-dose Dopamine, Progesterone, Smoking, and Diuretics. Magnesium sulfate appears to be the most effective treatment which reduces the risk of eclampsia by more than 50%. However, its best dose and route are still controversial and need further research. The knowledge and experience of nurses in properly using the protocols and evidence-based interventions are necessary for the wellbeing of pregnant women.
Highlights
IntroductionPrompt and supportive care throughout their pregnancies as well as after childbirth for safe motherhood
Pregnant women require continuous, prompt and supportive care throughout their pregnancies as well as after childbirth for safe motherhood.Pre-eclampsia, one of the major complications during gestation, is a hypertensive disorder and a serious condition that occurs typically after 20 weeks of pregnancy
Technologies and techniques used in the included studies for the prevention and control of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are Magnesium Sulphate, Aspirin, Antioxidant (Vitamin C, E and Lycopene), Calcium supplementation, Chinese Herbal Medicine, physical activities, Nitric Oxide, Marine Food Oils, Low Salt Diet, Garlic, Plasma Volume Expansion, Low-dose Dopamine, Progesterone, Smoking, and Diuretics
Summary
Prompt and supportive care throughout their pregnancies as well as after childbirth for safe motherhood. Pre-eclampsia, one of the major complications during gestation, is a hypertensive disorder and a serious condition that occurs typically after 20 weeks of pregnancy. It is a combination of hypertension (raised blood pressure) and proteinuria (the presence of protein in the urine) [1]. Most women with preeclampsia give birth without problems because of the prompt and adequate health care services they receive. The generally accepted criteria for identifying pre-eclampsia is a persistent diastolic blood pressure greater than 90 mm Hg with the occurrence of proteinuria greater than or equal to 0.3 grams in a 24-hour urine specimen [2]
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