Abstract
Recent intervention studies have shown that periconceptional supplementation with folic acid—containing multivitamins or pharmacological doses of folic acid alone can reduce the occurrence and recurrence of neural tube defects. This primary preventive method may also reduce the occurrence of other major congenital abnormalities, mainly cardiovascular and urinary tract defects. The underlying biological mechanisms of this protective effect are still not understood, but naturally occurring folates (polyglutamates) or synthetic folic acid (monoglutamate) have a key role.
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