Prevention of Hepatorenal Insufficiency Associated with Lead Exposure by Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Beverages Using In Vivo Assay.

Samah A El-Hashash,Eman E El-Nahass,Mohamed A El-Sakhawy,Walid Kamal Abdelbasset,Mona M Elwan,Mohamed A Abdelaziz,Fatma M El-Demerdash

doi:10.1155/2022/7990129

Abstract

Lead pollution is a major environmental challenge worldwide. Therefore, dietary interventions that are aimed at preventing lead's deleterious effects on body organs are needed. The study's goal was to study and compare the protective effect of cold and hot beverages of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) red calyces (CRB and HRB, respectively) on liver and kidney insufficiency associated with lead exposure in male rats. Adult albino rats (32 males) were divided into four groups of equal number, including a normal control (group 1), while groups from 2 to 4 received lead acetate (20 mg/kg body weight/day) and were kept untreated (group 2). The 3rd and the 4th groups received CRB and HRB (0.5 ml/100 g body weight/day), respectively, for 6 weeks. The gain in the body and relative weights of the liver and kidneys were calculated. Liver and kidney functions were determined in serum, while lead, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, and oxidative stress markers were established in tissues. Specimens from the liver and kidney of sacrificed rats were histopathologically examined. The total activity of antioxidants and total content of anthocyanin of both beverages were determined. Lead exposure resulted in its accumulation in tissues, leading to overweight and liver and kidney insufficiency along with oxidative stress, which was further confirmed by histological staining. CRB was more efficient than HRB in preventing the deleterious effects of lead intoxication. Due to their antioxidant properties, the present study proved that Roselle red calyx beverages, particularly the cold ones, are protective agents against lead-associated disorders in a rat model.

Highlights

IntroductionLead (symbol Pb) is a high toxic heavy metal that is not essential in living organisms
Lead is a high toxic heavy metal that is not essential in living organisms
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Hs), identified as Roselle, is one of the aromatic and medicinal plants belonging to the Malvaceae family; calyces vary in color from white-yellow to dark red, and that is attributed to the anthocyanin content

Summary

Introduction

Lead (symbol Pb) is a high toxic heavy metal that is not essential in living organisms. It is a widespread environmental pollutant used in acid battery and gasoline industries [1]. Hs is evaluated as a source of a large number of bioactive compounds including phenolic compounds, for instance, anthocyanins (e.g., delphinidin3-O-sambubioside), phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid), and flavonols (quercetin and kaempferol derivatives). It is rich in α-tocopherol and organic acids (the quinic acid as the primary). These composites are responsible for the various health-promoting properties of Hs which include antiobesity, hypolipidemic, anticarcinogenic, hypotensive, diuretic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects [4]

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Conclusion