Prevention of Familial Adenomatous Polyp Development in APCmin Mice and Azoxymethane-Induced Colon Carcinogenesis in F344 Rats by ω-3 Fatty Acid Rich Perilla Oil

Abstract

The present study explored the preventive effects of perilla oil, rich in α-linolenic acid, in rodent models of colon tumorigenesis. Six-week-old male F344 rats were fed diets containing 5% corn oil or 10 or 20% perilla oil. Colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) were induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and colonic ACF were evaluated. In familial adenomatous polyposis mode, APCmin mice fed with 20% corn oil or perilla oil for 80 days and intestines were evaluated for polyps. Multiple colonic mucosal and polyp samples were assayed for the expression and activity of cyclooxygenase COX-isoforms. Dietary perilla oil produced a dose-dependent inhibition of AOM-induced colonic ACF formation (by 35–53%, P < 0.01–0.005) and reduced the number of foci with ≥4 crypts/focus (by 38–50%, P < 0.01–0.001) in F344 rats. Dietary perilla oil significantly inhibited development of small intestinal (>69%, P < 0.0001) and colon tumors (>52%, P < 0.03) in APCmin mice. Administration of perilla oil produced lower levels of type-2 prostaglandins (38–53%) from COX-activities in polyps of APCmin mice. These observations demonstrate that dietary perilla oil rich in ω-3 fatty acids possesses preventive activity against intestinal neoplastic lesions, both in FAP in genetically-predisposed tissues, as well as against chemically induced preneoplastic lesions in the colon.