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Abstract
AimsTo characterize efficacy of the Bacillus subtilis BSB3 (BSB3) strain in the prevention of excessive exercise‐induced side effects and in maintaining stability of the gut microbiota.Methods and ResultsRats were pretreated by oral gavage with B. subtilis BSB3 (BSB3) or with phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) twice a day for 2 days, and were either exposed forced treadmill running or remained sedentary. Histological analysis of intestine, immunofluorescence staining of tight junction (TJ) proteins, serum lipopolysaccharide and intestinal fatty acid‐binding protein assay, culture‐based analysis and pyrosequencing for the gut microbiota were performed for each rat. Forced running resulted in a substantial decrease in intestinal villi height and total mucosa thickness, the depletion of Paneth cells, an inhibition of TJ proteins expression. Short‐term treatment of rats with BSB3 before running prevented these adverse effects. Culture‐based analysis of the gut microbiota revealed significant elevation of pathogenic microorganisms only in treadmill‐exercised rats pretreated with PBS. High‐throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing also revealed an increase in pathobionts in this group. Preventive treatment of animals with BSB3 resulted in predominance of beneficial bacteria.ConclusionsBSB3 prevents excessive exercise‐associated complications by beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota.Significance and Impact of the StudyOur study shows a new application of beneficial bacteria for prevention the adverse effects of excessive exercise.
Highlights
Physical activity induces distinct effects on health depending on intensity and duration
The results of this study demonstrated that pretreatment of rats with B. subtilis BSB3 bacteria prevented adverse effects, associated with an exhaustive treadmill exercise bout through beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota
These data indicate that heat stress occurred during exercise without an elevation in environmental temperatures, and these elevations were similar to values obtained in our previous study, which involved increasing core body temperatures via environmental heat stress without exercise (Moore et al 2014)
Summary
Physical activity induces distinct effects on health depending on intensity and duration. Recent data suggest high level of physical activity results in increased risk of early mortality (Coenen et al 2018). Intestinal complications are the most common among endurance athletes (Pires et al 2017). To this end, 20– 60% of athletes report various abdominal symptoms, such as bloating, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, flatulence, diarrhoea, and constipation following a strenuous exercise bout (de Oliveira and Burini 2009; Pane et al 2018). It has been suggested that endurance exercise reduces gastrointestinal blood flow, increases gut permeability and translocation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites into circulation (de Oliveira and Burini 2009).
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