Abstract
The use of temporary or tunneled central venous catheters (CVC) is increasing worldwide in hemodialysis patients, but their numerous and potentially severe complications should be taken into account. Among the possible complications, infections are certainly those with the greater impact on morbidity and mortality. Catheter-related infections can affect the CVC exit site, the subcutaneous tunnel or, in the most severe cases, can induce bacteremia and sepsis (CRBSI, catheter-related blood stream infections). CRBSI prevention is of the utmost importance and can be achieved through educational activities for the dialysis personnel and through the use of specific protocols for CVC insertion and management. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that these measures allow a significant reduction of the number of CRBSI, to less than 1 episode per 1,000 catheter days.
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