Abstract
The present study showed that avian influenza virus (AIV) occurred in the regions with rice and wheat productions under low ultraviolet (UV) radiation while there were negligible AIV outbreaks in the regions with a high rate of skin cancer due to extensive UV radiation. It is therefore proposed that having artificial UV radiation with poultry farmhouses is a simple solution to suppress AIV outbreaks. AIV outbreaks can be predicted a few months in advance by remote sensing satellite parameters such as Cosmos (minimum sunspot number, 10.7 cm solar flux, high UV radiation), Poles (CO2, O3 hole deterioration, hydroxyl layer temperature, ice-melting, chlorophyll or algae, krill, penguin, guillemot), and Continents (migratory birds, desert dust, low UV radiation, waters, fish, rice and wheat, climate). Since there was an abrupt 2% rise of global CO2 emissions in 2017, while the minimum sunspot number is simultaneously reached at the end of 2018, there can be an extensive UV radiation for mutant AIV in the Poles to have the highest degree of damage by AIV in regions such as U.S., East Asia, China, South Korea, Japan, west Africa, and Europe from November of 2018 till April of 2019.
Highlights
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) cause widespread morbidity and mortality in a broad range of hosts such as birds, swine, companion animals, marine animals, and humans
Migratory birds are in contact with AIV infected penguins while migratory birds under extensive UV-B radiation in summer feeding areas transmit low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) AIV to winter breeding areas under low UV-B radiation in the Continental wetlands to infect to the poultry and humans with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) AIV
The present study showed that AIV occurred in the regions with rice and wheat productions under low UV radiation while there were negligible AIV outbreaks in the regions with a high rate of skin cancer due to extensive UV radiation
Summary
Avian influenza viruses (AIV) cause widespread morbidity and mortality in a broad range of hosts such as birds, swine, companion animals, marine animals, and humans. AIV are classified into two groups based on their overall pathogenicity to domestic chickens: low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) causes mild disease in poultry such as mucosal infection and a decrease in eggs; highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) causes severe mortality often with rapid spread resulting in 100% flock mortality within 48 hours of exposure [2]. Since viruses should penetrate the host cells in order to cause infection, the prevention of viral entry, other than culling birds and poultry, is an attractive anti-viral strategy to minimize the chance of virus evolution and inactivate the viral viability at an early stage. There was the thinnest ozone layer in the Poles to provide the highest ultraviolet (UV) radiation in 1996 Such a high UV exposure during springtime (Sep.-Nov.) of Antarctica might mutate AIV in form of LPAI H5N1 and move migratory birds to the Continent to spread the mutated HPAI H5N1 in favorable environments. The present study provides artificial UV radiation at 254 nm for destruction of AIV of H9N2 and relates to the prediction of AIV outbreaks based on data such as global carbon dioxide emissions, minimum sunspot number, 10.7 cm solar flux, hydroxyl layer temperature, ozone hole and UV radiation
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