Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is well-known metabolic disorder, which causes serious effects on human health with its complications. Many mechanisms has been postulated to cause DM related complications. One of the main complications is neuronal damage, for which no proper preventive and curative therapies are available.
 Methods: In this study the effects of Ginger, Nigella sativa, Punica granatum and Metformin were seen on the prevention and treatment of brain damage caused by diabetes mellitus in streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetes in rats. 50 adult Wistar albino male rats were used in the study, the rats were divided in 10 study groups. The body weight, serum glucose levels were measured, and histopathological examination was performed.
 Results: In comparison to the diabetic control rats, significant increase in weight was found in animals of all the studied groups. Serum glucose levels reduced significantly in comparison to the STZ induced diabetic rats in all the animals. Histopathological examination showed prevention from brain damage and repair of the neuronal tissues by Ginger, Nigella sativa, Punica granatum and Metformin.
 Conclusion: The studied substances were observed to possess preventive and curative effects on the brain damage caused by diabetes mellitus.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is well-known metabolic disorder, which causes serious effects on human health with its complications
While on 15th day, BW significantly decreased compared to G5 (166.60±15.53 versus 209.00±12.82, P =0.001); on 28th day, BW significantly decreased compared to G1, G2, G3 and G5 (142.5±8.54 versus 190.00±20.36, 195.50±16.53, 183.83±9.62 and 218.00±16.46; P = 0.001 for all)
In G8, on 1st day BW significantly increased than G4 and G7 (185.50±8.89 versus 142.83±16.36 and 148.50±9.03; P =0.001 for both) but significantly decreased than G5 (185.50±8.89 versus 205.33±6.98; P =0.025); on 15th day, BW significantly increased than G1-7 (247.33±31.19 versus 183.00±21.23, 183.33±19.97, 177.33±5.65, 151.17±15.47, 209.00±12.82, 166.60±15.53, 181.67±9.07; P =0.001 for all); on 28th day, BW significantly increased than G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6, and G7 (263.00±33.93 versus 190.00±20.36, 195.50±16.53, 183.83±9.62, 158.33±15.24, 218.00±16.46, 142.5±8.54, 194.83±8.08; P =0.001 for all)
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is well-known metabolic disorder, which causes serious effects on human health with its complications. Methods: In this study the effects of Ginger, Nigella sativa, Punica granatum and Metformin were seen on the prevention and treatment of brain damage caused by diabetes mellitus in streptozotocin (STZ)- induced diabetes in rats. Results: In comparison to the diabetic control rats, significant increase in weight was found in animals of all the studied groups. Histopathological examination showed prevention from brain damage and repair of the neuronal tissues by Ginger, Nigella sativa, Punica granatum and Metformin. Conclusion: The studied substances were observed to possess preventive and curative effects on the brain damage caused by diabetes mellitus. The neurons start taking up glucose without insulin, in hyperglycemic diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia causes an up to four-fold increase in neuronal cell glucose uptake. Increased cytosolic glucose concentration and metabolism leads to neuron damage [2,5]
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