Prevention and Alleviation of Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt-Induced Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Mice With Bacillus subtilis-Fermented Milk via Inhibition of the Inflammatory Responses and Regulation of the Intestinal Flora.

Xuan Zhang,Yanjun Tong,Xiaomei Lyu,Jing Wang,Ruijin Yang,Yuxue Wang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.622354

Abstract

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) might be related to the local inflammatory damage and the dysbacteriosis of intestinal flora. Probiotics can regulate the intestinal flora and ameliorate IBD. The probiotic Bacillus subtilis strain B. subtilis JNFE0126 was used as the starter of fermented milk. However, the therapeutic effects of B. subtilis-fermented milk on IBD remain to be explored. In this research, the therapeutic effect of B. subtilis-fermented milk on dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced IBD mouse model was evaluated. Besides, the expression of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines, the proliferation of the intestinal stem cells, and the reconstruction of the mucosa barrier were investigated. Finally, alteration of the gut microbiota was investigated by taxonomic analysis. As shown by the results, the disease activity index (DAI) of IBD was significantly decreased through oral administration of B. subtilis (JNFE0126)-fermented milk, and intestinal mucosa injury was attenuated. Moreover, B. subtilis could reduce the inflammatory response of the intestinal mucosa, induce proliferation of the intestinal stem cell, and promote reconstruction of the mucosal barrier. Furthermore, B. subtilis could rebalance the intestinal flora, increasing the abundance of Bacillus, Alistipes, and Lactobacillus while decreasing the abundance of Escherichia and Bacteroides. In conclusion, oral administration of the B. subtilis-fermented milk could alleviate DSS-induced IBD via inhibition of inflammatory response, promotion of the mucosal barrier reconstruction, and regulation of the intestinal flora.

Highlights

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, which has emerged as a global disease
These results suggested that oral intake of dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS) could induce injury of the intestines; oral administration of the B. subtilisfermented milk could significantly lessen the symptoms of DSSinduced IBD
The B. subtilis-fermented milk group showed no obvious difference from the normal group, and the DSS + milk group showed no obvious difference from the DSS group, so that the B. subtilisfermented milk group and the DSS + milk group were dismissed about pathological observation and cell cytokine detection

Summary

Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines, which has emerged as a global disease. The pathogenesis of IBD is associated with intestinal flora imbalance and overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines due to autoimmune response, which results in apoptosis of epithelial cells and formation of a local ulcer. The aforementioned therapies have side effects and limitations of various degrees. In comparison with traditional therapy and monotherapy, probiotic/dietary therapy, and combinations of some therapeutic approaches might possess better patient acceptability and therapeutic effect in the prevention and curation of IBD (D’Haens et al, 2014; Durchschein et al, 2016; Jadhav et al, 2020; Mentella et al, 2020; Targownik et al, 2020)

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