Abstract
There is a lack of tangible measures for directed public health action to halt the increase in weight and cancer. We estimated the fraction and preventable cases of all and major body fatness-related cancers attributable to 7-years weight gain (≥ 2 kg). We assessed validated self-reported anthropometrics from 44,114 women aged 34–49 years at the enrolment in 1991–1992 and from a second questionnaire in 1998, with follow-up through December 31, 2015. Over 18 years, 3216 body fatness-related cancers and 2041 deaths were reported. Nearly 70% of women experienced weight gain and the average weight change was 4 kg. We observed a substantial proportional impact of weight gain on pancreatic cancer with a population attributable fraction (PAF) of 41.8% (95% CI 8.1–63.1) and a high absolute impact on postmenopausal breast cancer with 4403 preventable cases (95% CI 1064–7299) and a PAF of 16.8% (95% CI 4.1–27.8), and colorectal cancer with 3857 preventable cases (95% CI 1313–5990) and a PAF of 22.6% (95% CI 7.7–35.1). Avoiding weight gain over seven years in middle adulthood could have prevented a considerable proportion of the cancer burden and thousands of cancer cases in women in Norway.
Highlights
There is a lack of tangible measures for directed public health action to halt the increase in weight and cancer
We reported that 6–7-years weight gain of 10 kg or more was associated with increased risk of all body fatness-related cancers, postmenopausal breast cancer, endometrial, and pancreatic cancer in women in Norway[8]
Seven years weight gain was associated with all body fatness-related cancers, postmenopausal breast cancer, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer (Table 2)
Summary
There is a lack of tangible measures for directed public health action to halt the increase in weight and cancer. We estimated the fraction and preventable cases of all and major body fatness-related cancers attributable to 7-years weight gain (≥ 2 kg). The fraction of cancer attributable to weight gain has only been evaluated for postmenopausal breast cancer[12,13], and no study have assessed the fraction of cancer attributable to other than long-term weight change. We reported that 6–7-years weight gain of 10 kg or more was associated with increased risk of all body fatness-related cancers, postmenopausal breast cancer, endometrial, and pancreatic cancer in women in Norway[8]. To facilitate translation of these results into relevant public health m easures[14], we estimated the fraction of all and major body fatness-related cancers attributable to 7-years weight gain. 2846 Were excluded 9 Died or emigrated before registered in database (Q2) 1417 Had prior cancer diagnosis other than non-melanoma skin cancer (Q2) 1394 Had missing weight values in Q1 or Q2 26 Had implausible values in Q1 or Q2: weight 200 kg, height 230 cm, or age at menopause 60 years
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