Prevención de disfonías funcionales en el profesorado universitario: tres niveles de acción preventiva

Abstract

Vocal dysfunction in lecturers can have significant adverse effects on job performance. Several studies have shown a high prevalence of voice disorders in lecturers, and therefore a preventive approach is necessary with university staff. The first part of this paper presents the voice difficulties, with special attention to epidemiology, vocal loading, and the disease process in functional voice disorders. The state-of-the-art supports the idea that the functional voice disorders teachers must therefore should recognized an occupational disease. In the second part of this work, three levels of preventive actions are highlighted. A conceptual level concerning basic voice hygiene recommendations, and the functioning of the speaking voice. The second level includes voice training (posture, breathing, relaxation, vocal function exercises, resonant voice exercises, etc.), and the third, voice use in classes. Based on author experience of prevention courses organized by ICE University of Oviedo service, and also based on research reviewed, the author concludes that ecological prevention in an integrated model is the most efficient approach.