Abstract
Epidemic viral conjunctivitis caused by adenovirus is the most common infectious conjunctivitis. The exact incidence of adenoviral conjunctivitis is still poorly known, but there are two well-defined adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis clinical syndromes: epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) and pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF). Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is also the most severe form and presents with watery discharge, hyperemia, chemosis and ipsilateral lymphadenopathy. Diagnosis is mainly clinical, but its etiology can be confirmed using cell cultures, antigen detection, polymerase chain reaction or immune-chromatography. Multiple treatments have been tried for this disease, but none of them seem to be completely effective. Viruses are resistant to desiccation and certain common surface disinfectants. Prevention is the most reliable and recommended strategy to control this epidemic infection. Global epidemic surveillance system definitely needs to be established to monitor and analyze the epidemic conjunctivitis in the future. There is clearly a need for the national and the military public health institutions to work together on guidelines to handle future challenges.
Highlights
Epidemic viral conjunctivitis caused by adenovirus is the most common infectious conjunctivitis
Epidemic viral conjunctivitis caused by adenovirus is the most common infectious conjunctivitis and a highly contagious eye disease that occurs worldwide
There are two well-defined adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis clinical features: epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and pharyngoconjunctival fever, which are caused by different serotypes
Summary
Many different germicides (antiseptics and disinfectants) were selected for many study based on their current uses in health care These results emphasize the need for proper selection of germicides for use in disinfecting noncritical surfaces and semi critical medical devices, such as applanation tonometer, in order to prevent outbreaks of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis [20]. Laser therapies were not associated with infection, and all environmental cultures were negative This outbreak emphasizes the need for implementation of routine infection control the guidelines to prevent nosocomial transmission of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and stresses the need for appropriate disinfection of many instruments [21]. The evaluation of patient care practices showed that common risk factors among affected cases were measurement of ocular tension with a tonometer in the Ophthalmology Clinic (without disinfection of the tonometer between patients), contamination of work surfaces (equipment, furniture), and poor compliance of hand hygiene. The persistence of live virus on the surfaces for up to 30-35 days hampers outbreak prevention and control efforts [31, 32, 33, 34]
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