Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: descrever as prevalências dos tipos de violência doméstica entre puérperas atendidas em uma maternidade de alto risco e examinar a associação desses agravos com variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e reprodutivas. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 302 puérperas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas a partir de roteiro estruturado com questões acerca da caracterização das participantes e instrumento para identificação de violência Abuse Assessment Screen. Resultados: entre as entrevistadas, 43% relataram ter vivenciado situações de maus-tratos ao longo da vida, 7,6% foram vítimas de violência física no último ano e 4,6% estiveram em situação de violência física durante a gestação. Mulheres com idade entre 31-43 anos (RP: 1,5; 1,1-2,1), com três ou mais gestações (RP: 1,8; IC95%: 1,2-2,7) e evangélicas (RP: 1,6 IC95%: 1,1-2,3) vivenciaram mais frequentemente maus-tratos na vida. A ausência de companheiro esteve associada à história de violência física no último ano e na gestação (p< 0,05). Conclusão: este estudo reafirma que a violência constitui um fenômeno presente na vida da mulher, inclusive no período gestacional, e se mostrou associado à condição demográfica e obstétrica da mulher.
Highlights
Violence against women, from the perspective of gender, or marital violence, is by definition the use of physical or verbal force that affects and harms the woman’s life in its various physical, emotional and sexual aspects
Of the 314 postpartum women who looked for the maternity hospital during the study period and who met the criteria for inclusion in the study, 12 refused to participate in the study, totaling a sample of 302 participants
The findings show that out of every ten women interviewed, about four had been victims of mistreatment throughout their lives; prevalence close to that found in studies conducted in Rio de Janeiro (42.6%)[11] and in São Paulo (36,9%),[10] as well as in southern Sweden (44,3%),[15] which exemplifies the global dimension of violence and its magnitude as a serious public health problem
Summary
From the perspective of gender, or marital violence, is by definition the use of physical or verbal force that affects and harms the woman’s life in its various physical, emotional and sexual aspects. Studies have indicated that the experience of violence during pregnancy can lead to potential problems such as headache, obstetric problems, premature rupture of membranes, urinary tract infection, vaginal bleeding and early weaning of breastfeeding, as well as the possibility of association with perinatal and neonatal mortality.[4,5,6,7]. It considered as violence against women the physical, psychological, sexual, patrimonial and moral violence.[8] It is interesting to highlight that the occurrence of this event presents itself differently around the world. Studies on physical and sexual violence were found with intervals between 2.5% and 48.7% and between 2.1% and 4.9%, respectively.[5,10,11] These differences can be attributed to the different conceptions of violence of the populations studied, as well as to the method and instruments used.[2]
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