Abstract

Objetivo: revisar a literatura sobre as lesões orais mais comuns em crianças infectadas pelo HIV. Material e Métodos: foi realizada revisão de literatura nas bases de dados de Literatura Médica (PubMed / Medline) e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (HVL) no período de 2000 a 2015. Resultados: foram selecionados 163 artigos e 11 selecionados por critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A candidíase oral foi a lesão oral mais prevalente seguida por ulcerações aftosas, eritema gengival linear e leucoplasia pilosa oral. Conclusão: apesar dos avanços no tratamento da doença com a introdução da terapia anti-retroviral potente, as manifestações orais continuam frequentes nos pacientes infectados pelo HIV, sendo a candidíase o achado mais comum. A revisão mostrou a importância do dentista na identificação e no tratamento precoce dessas lesões.

Highlights

  • Some diseases are frequently observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and may be indicators of A cquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), namely oral candidiasis, herpes simplex, angular cheilitis, oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL), and parotid hypertrophy.[27]

  • The findings of this review show the importance of a thorough oral clinical examination for the early diagnosis of the lesions most commonly found in seropositive children in order to start the appropriate treatment

  • Despite the advent of antiretroviral therapy for HIV control, oral manifestations are still common in HIV-infected children

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Summary

Introduction

The transmission of HIV to children occurs mostly through vertical (mother-to-child) transmission during pregnancy, labor, delivery or breastfeeding.[6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] Its diagnosis is difficult due to the presence of the maternal anti-HIV antibody that crosses the placental barrier and may be detectable in children up to 18 months of age.[6,17] After virus infection, patients can spend several years without manifesting the disease. The immunological markers that define disease progression are the decline of CD4+ T lymphocyte count and the inversion of CD4+/CD8+ ratio.[3,17,18] In children, the progression of HIV infection is evaluated by monitoring changes in CD4+ T lymphocyte percentage, which are more stable parameters than the absolute count of these cells, especially in children under 5 years.[19]

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