Abstract
Objetivo: revisar a literatura sobre as lesões orais mais comuns em crianças infectadas pelo HIV. Material e Métodos: foi realizada revisão de literatura nas bases de dados de Literatura Médica (PubMed / Medline) e Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (HVL) no período de 2000 a 2015. Resultados: foram selecionados 163 artigos e 11 selecionados por critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A candidíase oral foi a lesão oral mais prevalente seguida por ulcerações aftosas, eritema gengival linear e leucoplasia pilosa oral. Conclusão: apesar dos avanços no tratamento da doença com a introdução da terapia anti-retroviral potente, as manifestações orais continuam frequentes nos pacientes infectados pelo HIV, sendo a candidíase o achado mais comum. A revisão mostrou a importância do dentista na identificação e no tratamento precoce dessas lesões.
Highlights
Some diseases are frequently observed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and may be indicators of A cquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), namely oral candidiasis, herpes simplex, angular cheilitis, oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL), and parotid hypertrophy.[27]
The findings of this review show the importance of a thorough oral clinical examination for the early diagnosis of the lesions most commonly found in seropositive children in order to start the appropriate treatment
Despite the advent of antiretroviral therapy for HIV control, oral manifestations are still common in HIV-infected children
Summary
The transmission of HIV to children occurs mostly through vertical (mother-to-child) transmission during pregnancy, labor, delivery or breastfeeding.[6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16] Its diagnosis is difficult due to the presence of the maternal anti-HIV antibody that crosses the placental barrier and may be detectable in children up to 18 months of age.[6,17] After virus infection, patients can spend several years without manifesting the disease. The immunological markers that define disease progression are the decline of CD4+ T lymphocyte count and the inversion of CD4+/CD8+ ratio.[3,17,18] In children, the progression of HIV infection is evaluated by monitoring changes in CD4+ T lymphocyte percentage, which are more stable parameters than the absolute count of these cells, especially in children under 5 years.[19]
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