Abstract
Congenital disorders are structural or functional anomalies present at birth. This study aims to identify the most frequent birth defects in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) over a period of five years. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out by reviewing patients files admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Data collection was done through standardized charts and then analyzed using Excel program. Sixty children were included in the study, representing 8.6% of hospitalized children in that period. Congenital anomalies were present in male patients (57.33%), preterm (39.33%), and aged between 0 and 7 days (55.7%). Regarding etiology, multifactorial inheritance was responsible for more than 50% of disorders. Gastrointestinal (33.3%) and cardiac (28.3%) anomalies were the most prevalent among them. Down syndrome was the most frequent chromosomal syndrome (11.6%). Given the prevalence and importance of these disorders, this study suggests a clinical geneticist as a consultant or a member of neonatal ICU team is necessary to neonate investigation and to offer an appropriate genetic counseling to families.
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