Prevalencia y características de las dermatosis relacionadas con la infección por VIH en la actualidad

Abstract

Introduction The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy has produced a substantial change in the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The frequency of opportunistic infections and AIDS-related cancers has fallen, though new health problems have developed. Likewise, there has been a change in the spectrum of skin diseases now observed in these patients. Objective To analyze the prevalence and characteristics of skin disease in a group of HIV-infected outpatients. Methods A cross-sectional, observational study was performed. All patients who attended the day care unit of the infectious diseases department over a 6-month period (May–October, 2003) were offered the possibility of complete dermatologic examination. Epidemiologic and clinical variables were recorded in all participants, together with the findings on examination of the skin. A comparative study was performed, grouping the patients according to CD4-lymphocyte count and antiretroviral treatment. Results The prevalence of dermatoses in the study patients was 98.3%. The most common conditions were xerosis (114 patients, 37.6%), seborrheic dermatitis (94 patients, 31%), distal subungual onychomycosis (80 patients, 26.4%), and viral warts (65 patients, 21.4%). Grouped by etiology, infectious diseases were the most common (68.6%), followed by inflammatory diseases (47.5%). Conclusion Mucocutaneous lesions continue to be very common in HIV-infected patients, although there has been a qualitative change in the conditions that these patients present.