Prevalencia de asma y factores de riesgo asociados en escolares provenientes de una zona de pueblos indígenas

Abstract

The prevalence of asthma in Chile ranges from 10.2 to 14.9%. In previous studies, the Araucanía Region has not been included. To determine the prevalence of asthma in the school po pulation of the Araucanía Region. The ISAAC questionnaires were used for asthma symptoms in addition to a questionnaire for recording sociodemographic data, belonging to the Mapuche ethnicity, type of heating, exposure to indoor air pollution, and family history. The Binomial Regression Model was used to evaluate the effect of each of the different variables of inter est, adjusting by age groups (6-7 and 13-14 years). The model also evaluated the additive interaction between these variables and age. 823 surveys were applied, where the prevalence of asthma was 14.2% and 23.2% in the 6-7 year old group and the 13-14 year old group, respectively. 43.7% de clare to be Mapuche, 32.9% live in rural areas, and 81.4% use firewood as a heating method. Through binomial regression model analysis, where for the study group, living in the coastal commune was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of asthma (-13.2% [CI: -17.7 to -8.6]. The history of an asthmatic mother was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of asthma (17.9% [CI: 2.7 to 33.1]. Living in a rural area, to be Mapuche or the type of heating used, showed differences statistically significant (p 0.18, p 0.609 and p 0.480, respectively) Conclusion: 13-14 year-olds school children in the Araucanía Region presented a higher prevalence of asthma. There was an association with asthma in the mother where this increase is not associated with living in a rural area, to be Ma puche or type of heating.