Prevalencia de afección anal en el paciente superobeso mórbido tras bypass biliopancreático de Scopinaro

Abstract

Biliopancreatic diversion by Scopinaro (BD) is a mixed (malabsortive and restrictive) bariatric technique that is successful in achieving long lasting weight lost in super obese patients. In fact, the diarrhoea (steatorrhea) that is expected after any malabsortive technique can sometimes cause significant nutritional changes and anal disease: these patients are frequently referred to our coloproctology outpatient clinic due to haemorrhoids, fissures, anal sepsis and fistula basically due to changes in quality and quantity of their faeces. The aim of this paper is to find out not only the prevalence of anal disease in our series of super obese surgical patients but also to compare the incidence between the two surgical techniques we perform in our department. We analyzed 263 consecutive patients operated on BD of Scopinaro (50-200 cm) and modified-BD (75-225 cm) in our Department. Patients who had previously suffered from anal surgery were excluded. There were 45 patients (18%) who suffered from anal problems of which 38 cases (84.4%) were BD-S and only 7 cases with BD-M complained of anal disorders (p < 0.05). Overall, at the 18th month review, the mean number of motions per day was 3.5 (range, 1-15). Patients with BD-S had 5 motions per day as a mean. The mean number of motions for BD-M was 2. The frequency order of anal pathology observed was: anal fissure, haemorrhoids, abscess and fistula. Higher incidence of anal pathology after BD of Scopinaro is another factor to take into account to avoid performing classic Scopinaro BD as opposed to modified BD for the treatment of morbid super obesity. It is mandatory to be conservative when facing anal problems in these patients, and firstly we must modify eating habits and the nutritional status. Surgery must be highly respectful to anal sphincters to avoid incontinence.