Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) has reemerged as one of the main cause of death in human beings in recent years. TB is caused by a group of species called Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and it causes three million deaths each year around the world. In 2010, the global estimated incidence of TB was about 8.0 million. The number of deaths from TB among HIV-negative patients was 1.0 million while the number of deaths among the HIV-positive TB was about 0.40 million. The higher incident and elevation of MDR cases demand efforts to shift focus to various control strategies against TB. According to WHO, in 2014 magnitude of TB was recorded as 126 positive cases per 0.1 million population in the world. Pakistan ranks fourth in high TB burden countries where each year approximately 297,000 TB cases are reported. Tuberculosis can be comprehensively grouped into two main types; pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis affects the lungs and is most common type of TB. In 15 to 20 % cases of the active TB, the infection spreads from lungs to different parts of the body. This condition is called extra-pulmonary tuberculosis. Different treatment regimens are available for tuberculosis.
 
Highlights
Tuberculosis (TB) is a lethal and infectious disease that has affected humankind over the past 5000 years
As per the recent report of the World Health Organization (WHO), the elevated rate of TB throughout the world was 9 million among the 7.1 billion people in 2013, which shows an occurrence rate of 126 cases in a population of 100,000 inhabitants
When the disease is transmitted from the lungs to different parts of the body, which happens in around 15-20% of the instances of active TB, it is referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) [8]
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) is a lethal and infectious disease that has affected humankind over the past 5000 years It is a major health burden, worldwide. The higher incidence rate (231/100,000 population) and the elevation of MDR cases in the country demands focus on various TB control strategies [4]. As per the recent report of the World Health Organization (WHO), the elevated rate of TB throughout the world was 9 million among the 7.1 billion people in 2013, which shows an occurrence rate (number of new cases reported in the population) of 126 cases in a population of 100,000 inhabitants. In Pakistan, approximately 297,000 TB cases are diagnosed each year and the country ranks fourth among high TB burden countries [5].
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