Prevalence, Treatment, and Associated Factors of Hypertension in Spain: A Comparative Study between Populations.

Arturo Corbatón-Anchuelo,María Teresa Martínez-Larrad,Cristina Fernández-Pérez,Rafael Gabriel,Manuel Serrano-Ríos,Náyade Del Prado-González

doi:10.1155/2018/4851512

Abstract

The prevalence and related factors of hypertensive subjects according to the resident area (rural versus urban) were investigated in two population-based studies from Spain. Medical questionnaires were administered and anthropometrics were measured, using standardized protocols. Hypertension was diagnosed in pharmacology treated subjects or those with blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg. Regarding BP control, it was defined as under control if BP was <140/90 or <140/85 mm Hg in type 2 diabetic subjects. Information on educational status, social class, smoking habit, and alcohol intake was obtained. 3,816 subjects (54.38 % women) were included. Prevalence of diagnosed hypertension was higher in women and showed no differences according to the living area (men: urban 21.88 versus rural 21.92 %, p = 0.986; women: urban 28.73 versus rural 30.01 %, p = 0.540). Women living in rural areas and men with secondary or tertiary education levels had a lower probability of being BP uncontrolled (OR (95 % CI): 0.501 (0.258–0.970)/p=0.040, 0.245 (0.092–0.654)/p=0.005, and 0.156 (0.044–0.549)/p=0.004, respectively). Urban young men (31-45 years) and medium aged women (46-60 years) were less BP controlled than their rural counterparts (41.30 versus 65.79 %/p=0.025 and 35.24 versus 53.27 %/p=0.002, respectively).

Highlights

Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases as well as end-stage renal disease, together with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and smoking
We studied two Spanish cohorts focused on cardiovascular risk factors, whose recruitment procedures have been previously reported [13]: (A) The Spanish Insulin Resistance Study (SIRS) [14] is a cross-sectional population-based study carried out in 7 small and middle-size towns across Spain
Authors reported that education level was influencing blood pressure (BP) control, in correlation to our finding that men with secondary or tertiary education levels had a lower probability of being BP uncontrolled

Summary

Introduction

Hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular diseases as well as end-stage renal disease, together with diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and smoking. These factors are significant contributors to deaths and disability in the developed countries [1]. Differences on diet and physical activities have been found and described in rural and urban areas across Spain [10,11,12], and, we believe that there are differences in the prevalence and characteristics of hypertension as well as in the associated factors

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