Prevalence, Symptoms and Lifestyle Aspect of Peptic Ulcer Disease among Undergraduate Students of a Nigerian University

A Humble Bacterium Sweeps This Year's Nobel Prize

A new H2-receptor antagonist, nizatidine (150 mg h.s.), was compared with placebo as maintenance therapy in a randomized, parallel, double-blind, one-year study of 513 patients with recently healed duodenal ulcer. Endoscopies were performed at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months and at unscheduled times if symptoms of active peptic ulcer disease were present. Cumulative ulcer recurrence rates for nizatidine and placebo were 13 versus 40% at 3 months, 24 versus 57% at 6 months, and 34 versus 64% at 12 months. The differences were significant (p less than 0.001) at each treatment period. Smokers in both treatment groups had significantly greater recurrence rates than non-smokers. Symptoms of peptic ulcer disease were significantly less in nizatidine-treated patients in the first 3 months of treatment. Adverse events, including those related to peptic ulcer disease, occurred more frequently in placebo-treated patients. Nizatidine proved to be safe and effective in preventing recurrences of duodenal ulcer.

Peptic ulcer disease following renal transplantation in the cyclosporine era

Silent peptic ulcer disease: frequency, factors leading to “silence,” and implications regarding the pathogenesis of visceral symptoms

Promoting a healthy lifestyle can improve health and reduce the need for medical care. The aim of this study was to analyse health-related behaviours and knowledge of healthy lifestyles in relation to physical activity and diet among university students. Methods: The cross-sectional study included 300 university students (173 females; 127 males). The research tool was a questionnaire consisting of three sections. Respondents completed the questionnaires using the Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) method, where the data set is collected using a script provided on a website. The one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson chi-square test were used to analyse the results. Results: There were statistically significant dependencies between the field of study and the level of general knowledge about physical activity and nutrition (p<0.001). Conclusions: A high level of knowledge about healthy lifestyle with a focus on physical activity and dietary habits was presented in the highest percentage by students of physiotherapy, and the lowest by students of pedagogy, which is a non-medical field not related to health care. The university should provide an interdisciplinary team to support physical activity and dietary habits to increase awareness among university students, especially in non-medical fields.

Background: Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a significant health concern among healthcare providers, with lifestyle factors such as smoking, dietary habits, and stress being key contributors. This study aims to explore the burden of PUD among smoking and non-smoking healthcare providers in Gazipur District, Bangladesh. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2024, with data collected from 300 healthcare providers (male and female) from several private hospitals and Upazila health complexes in Gazipur. Participants were categorized into smoking and non-smoking groups. A structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic details, lifestyle factors, and PUD symptoms. Statistical analysis included frequency distributions, chi-square tests, and multivariable logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of PUD was significantly higher among smokers (65%) compared to non-smokers (19.4%) (p < 0.001). Smokers reported higher levels of stress (72% vs. 42%, p < 0.001) and more frequent consumption of spicy foods (75.6% vs. 38.8%, p < 0.001). A lower BMI (<18.5 kg/m²) was associated with higher PUD prevalence (46.7%, p = 0.002). Multivariable logistic regression revealed smoking (OR 3.85, p < 0.001) and high-stress levels (OR 2.92, p = 0.001) as independent risk factors for PUD. Conclusion: Smoking and high-stress levels were identified as the most significant risk factors for PUD among healthcare providers in Gazipur. The findings suggest the need for targeted health interventions, including smoking cessation programs and stress management strategies, to mitigate the risk of PUD in this population. Further, longitudinal studies are needed to establish causal relationships.

Peptic ulcer complication has decreased over le last years. Spontaneous bilio-digestive fistulas, in the absence of primary biliary disease, remain a very unusual complication of the upper digestive tract. The choledochoduodenal fistula is an extremely rare entity which can be caused by a duodenal peptic ulcer. It appears with the symptoms of peptic ulcer disease. They are diagnosed incidentally on radiological exams. It was suspected after finding pneumobilia on abdominal ultrasound and confirmed by X-barium meals study. The purpose of this observation is to report the case of a patient presenting a choledochoduodenal fistula diagnosed by X-barium meal to underline the importance of this radiological exam to diagnose this disease and to insist on the conservative treatment for choledochoduodenal fistula caused by a duodenal peptic ulcer. The prognosis of patients treated medically is good, although the fistula can remain asymptomatic. Angiocholitis and biliary sequelae remain rare and do not warrant prophylactic surgical treatment.

The "Cooking and Active Leisure" Tu y Alícia por la Salud (CAL-TAS) Program is a school-based pilot that addresses healthy lifestyle needs of Spanish secondary school students with initiatives that research has proven to improve dietary and physical activity behaviors. The objectives were to perform a Program Impact Pathways (PIP) analysis to describe key activities and processes of the CAL-TAS Program, identify Critical Quality Control Points (CCPs), and identify a suite of common indicators of healthy lifestyles to be applied across participant schools. The CAL-TAS Program designers and implementation team developed this PIP analysis through an iterative process and presented the results for feedback at the seven-country Healthy Lifestyles Program Evaluation Workshop held in Granada, Spain, 13-14 September 2013, under the auspices of the Mondelēz International Foundation. The team identified three PIP CCPs: teachers' motivation and training, changes in students' knowledge of healthy lifestyles, and changes in students' healthy lifestyle behavior. The selected indicators of the program's impact on healthy lifestyles are adequacy of food intake, level of knowledge of healthy lifestyles gained, and adequacy of physical activity level according to World Health Organization recommendations. A clear definition of impact indicators, as well as collection of accurate data on healthy lifestyle behaviors and knowledge, is essential to understanding the effectiveness of this program before it can be scaled up. CAL-TAS is an effective secondary school-based program encouraging healthy lifestyles. The PIP analysis was instrumental in identifying CCPs to sustain and improve the quality of the program. The team hopes to sustain and improve the program through these program evaluation recommendations.

Lack of awareness among adolescents towards healthy lifestyle has an impact on the risk of non-communicable diseases. The purpose of this community service activity was to improve adolescent knowledge of a healthy lifestyle and screening their nutritional status by measuring their BMI-for-age to prevent the risk of malnutrition (underweight or overweight). Improvement knowledge of healthy lifestyles carried out by providing counseling on nutrition-balanced and physical activity. The results of the activity showed an increase in the mean of knowledge score from 9.95(±SD1,29) to 11.57(±SD2,12). BMI measurements showed that the majority of adolescents (62%) had normal nutritional status, 21% were overnourished, 11.6% were obese, and 4.2% were undernourished. Counseling on nutrition-balanced and physical activity could increase healthy lifestyle knowledge for adolescence, and there is a tendency for adolescence to lead a problem with overnutrition. Therefore, sustainable youth education program required to provide a healthy lifestyle.

Introduction: Nutritional status is a condition that is determined by the level of physical need for energy and nutrients obtained from food intake and has a measurable physical impact. Aim. Method: This research used descriptive analytic research, with a cross- sectional approach (a cross-sectional Study), and data collection was carried out simultaneously using a questionnaire that aimed to determine the relationship between balanced nutritional guidelines and nutritional status. Results: The results of the analysis showed that 28.1% of students had abnormal nutritional status, and 71.9% had normal nutritional status. There is a relationship between the habit of consuming various foods, namely energy intake (p = 0.034) and protein (0.008) and nutritional status, clean and healthy lifestyle with nutritional status (p=0.029); physical activity (p-0.01) with nutritional status, and normal weight monitoring (p-0.01) with nutritional status Discussion:There is a relationship between balanced nutrition guidelines and the nutritional status of nutrition students.

1. Desiree Sierra, MD* 2. Mary Wood, MD* 3. Sneha Kolli, MD* 4. Lina Maria Felipez, MD† 1. *Department of Medical Education and 2. †Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Nicklaus Children’s Hospital, Miami, FL * Abbreviations: H2RA: : histamine 2 receptor antagonist IBD: : inflammatory bowel disease NSAID: : nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug PPI: : proton pump inhibitor PUD: : peptic ulcer disease Providers should be able to identify the signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease in children, select the proper diagnostic tests needed to confirm the diagnosis, and describe adequate treatment regimens to start once the diagnosis is confirmed. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Understand the mechanism and pathogenesis of gastritis, gastropathy, and peptic ulcer formation. 2. Recognize the symptoms of and risk factors for gastritis, gastropathy, and peptic ulcer disease. 3. Understand which patients warrant referral to a gastroenterologist for possible endoscopy. 4. Review the role of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. 5. Review the treatment of peptic ulcer disease with and without the presence of H pylori. Gastritis, gastropathy, and peptic ulcer disease (PUD), collectively known as acid peptic disease, are often described as a spectrum of the same disease. Although these conditions are more common in adults, their incidence in the pediatric population is clinically significant. Left untreated, gastritis can progress to PUD, which can result in serious complications such as perforation, bleeding, bowel strictures, and obstruction. Studies describing the role of Helicobacter pylori , nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, and other causes have helped to further expand our understanding of gastritis and PUD in children. Direct visualization and the ability to biopsy with endoscopy have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases. The incidence of PUD in children is lower than that in adults. Based on several international studies, the incidence in children varies from 2% to 8%. (1)(2) The incidence of bleeding ulcers is lower and is estimated to be between 0.5 and 4.4 of 100,000 individuals. (3) These rates …

Clopidogrel causes significantly less symptomatic peptic ulcer disease and gastrointestinal bleeding than low-dose aspirin in average-risk patients. The gastrotoxicity of clopidogrel in patients with active peptic ulcer disease is unknown. To compare the incidence of unhealed ulcers in patients receiving clopidogrel or aspirin. Patients with aspirin-induced peptic ulcer disease treated with omeprazole (20 mg/day) were randomized to receive clopidogrel (75 mg/day) or to continue with low-dose aspirin. Success was defined as ulcer/erosion healing at the eighth week. One hundred and twenty-nine patients were recruited (69 received clopidogrel and 60 continued with aspirin). Thirty-one (45%) in the clopidogrel group and 25 (42%) in the aspirin group had a minor gastrointestinal bleed. No ulcer showed an adherent clot or visible vessel. The distributions of peptic ulcer disease were similar in the clopidogrel and aspirin groups (gastric ulcer: 41% vs. 40%; duodenal ulcer: 10% vs. 12%; gastric ulcer + duodenal ulcer: 6% vs. 3%; gastritis: 32% vs. 37%; duodenitis: 4% vs. 7%; gastritis + duodenitis: 0% vs. 2%). Clopidogrel and aspirin were re-started after 0.86 +/- 1.79 and 0.44 +/- 1.60 days, respectively (P = 0.170). Three (4%) patients stopped clopidogrel due to drug rash. Using per protocol analysis, the treatment success rates of clopidogrel and aspirin were 94% (62/66) and 95% (57/60), respectively. In patients with aspirin-associated peptic ulcer disease of low to moderate grade, both early conversion from aspirin to clopidogrel and continuation of aspirin are safe.

Introduction: The admission of undergraduate students from the Defense University (IDU) has been running for one year. The student cadets have undergone a period of lecture education and are provided with lodging facilities accompanied by physical health training including regular exercise and providing good nutrition. Researchers want to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of Military Medical Faculty Indonesian Defense University Republics of Indonesia’’s cadets on 1st Grade, after one year of education to determine the knowledge of the attitudes and behavior of Military Medical Faculty Indonesian Defense University Republics of Indonesia’s cadets after 1 year of study about healthy living. This research is were descriptive-analytic study with cross-sectional design. Methods: The research used a quantitative design method with the instrument of a questionnaire about knowledge and attitude using google form. Results: The result of this study were knowledge of healthy lifestyle among student were 85%, healthy lifestyle attitude was 95%, and healthy behavior was 72%. Hypothesis testing with chi-square obtained a p-value of 0.005. This shows that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge about a healthy lifestyle with a healthy lifestyle behavior. The results of this study are expected to produce outputs in the form of input for making policies in the military education held by TNI and the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Indonesia. Conclusion: This research can also be used to continue to improve the educational process of the Indonesian Defense University undergraduate student cadets in the future.

Background: Despite advancements in the medical management of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD), its prevalence persists as a significant health concern, especially in Western Sub-Saharan Africa. Aims: This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of PUD among university students and to investigate the dietary habits of affected individuals. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 340 students recruited from five faculties at a private university in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data pertaining to socio-demographics, PUD history, identified triggers, and dietary habits were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Version 26), employing descriptive statistics to summarize findings and Spearman’s correlation to assess associations between variables. Results: The observed prevalence of PUD among the 340 university students was 12.4%. Among those with PUD, a substantial majority were female (87.8%), with 43.9% being in their fourth year of study. Approximately half (51.2%) of the respondents reported experiencing PUD crises 1–3 days per week. More than half were currently on medication, and 12.2% had received prior treatment. Key identified triggers included starvation (90.2%), stress (80.5%), and specific food items (85.4%). Regarding dietary habits, 63.4% occasionally consumed hot spicy foods, 68.3% drank carbonated beverages, 39.0% consumed fatty foods 2–3 times per week, and 29.3% consumed energy drinks. Notably, sex, family history, starvation, and stress demonstrated a significant negative correlation with the frequency of crises (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study elucidates the prevalence of PUD within the university student population and underscores the critical role of lifestyle factors in both the management and prevention of PUD crises within the academic community. Keywords: Peptic Ulcer Disease; University Students; Triggers; Lifestyle; Dietary Habits.

Background: Helicobacter pylori, which is a causative agent of chronic gastritis, duodenal ulcer and gastric cancer, presently affects approximately one half of the world population. This study was conducted to assess the epidemiology and risk factors for acquisition of H. pylori among individuals with and without peptic ulcer symptoms in Owerri, Nigeria, in order to provide baseline data and create awareness for effective management and prevention of infection caused by this pathogen.
 Methodology: A total of 384 participants, symptomatic and asymptomatic for peptic ulcer, were recruited from the three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The symptomatic participants were randomly recruited among patients attending outpatient clinics with symptoms of peptic ulcer disease at the Federal Medical Center Owerri, general hospitals and primary healthcare centers across Owerri LGAs, while asymptomatic patients were recruited from the community. Information on socio-demographic characteristics of each participant and potential risk factors were collected with a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Blood samples were collected for detection of antibodies (IgG) using a one-step H. pylori test device while faecal samples were collected for detection of occult blood (from peptic ulceration) using faecal occult blood (FOB) test. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 and association of risk factors with H. pylori sero-prevalence was determined by the Chi-square or Fisher Exact test (with Odds ratio). P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 Results: The sero-prevalence of H. pylori infection among the study participants was 72.4% (285/384) while the prevalence of ulcer by FOB test was 71.1% (273/384). A total of 78.4% (214/273) of those with ulcers were seropositive for H. pylori while 64.0% (71/111) of those without ulcers were sero-positive for H. pylori (p=0.0045). Factors significantly associated with high sero-prevalence of H. pylori were age groups 41-50 (100%), 21-30 (78.4%) and 31-40 (67.6%) years (X2=66.964, p<0.0001), illiteracy (OR=6.888, p<0.0001), unemployment (OR=2.427, p<0.0001), low social class status (X2=28.423, p=0.0003), drinking of unclean water (OR=5.702, p<0.0001), living in crowded rooms (OR=2.720, p<0.0001), eating food bought from food vendors (OR=3.563, p<0.0001), family history of ulcer (OR=12.623, p<0.0001), habits of eating raw vegetables and unwashed fruits (OR=6.272, p<0.0001), non-regular hand washing practices before meal (OR=2.666, p<0.0001) and presence of ulcer (OR=2.043, p=0.0045). However, smoking (OR=0.7581, p=0.2449) and gender (OR=0.6538, p=0.0796) were not significantly associated with sero-prevalence of H. pylori.
 Conclusion: There is need for comprehensive strategy including public health education campaign to create awareness on H. pylori, improve personal hygiene and environmental sanitation, provision of safe drinking water by the government to the populace, and discourage indiscriminate and open defecation.