Prevalence, serotype diversity and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella in poultry meat and egg in Turkey: a meta-analysis

Abstract

Poultry is a well-known reservoir for Salmonella, hence numerous outbreaks associated with poultry meat/products and eggs have been reported to date. This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence, serotype diversity and antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella in poultry meat and egg in Turkey. For this purpose, international and national electronic databases were searched using appropriate keywords in English and Turkish. Out of 1,818 articles, 41 were found eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of Salmonella in chicken parts, chicken carcass, chicken giblets and egg were found 24.4% (95% CI:17.8-32.6), 21.9% (95% CI:14.0-32.7), 20.1% (95% CI:10.7-34.6) and 4.8% (95% CI:1.7-13.3), respectively. Salmonella Enteritidis was found to be the most common serotype in egg, chicken parts and chicken carcass with the rates of 22.4% (95% CI:3.6-69.3), 19.0% (95% CI:3.3-61.6) and 5.8% (95% CI:2.2-14.4), respectively. The highest pooled antibiotic resistance prevalence of Salmonella spp., regardless of food type were belonged to tetracycline (73.9%, 95% CI:51.0-88.5), nalidixic acid (73.4%, 95% CI:48.7-88.9) and ampicillin (31.5%, 95% CI:20.7-44.6). The high-pooled prevalence of the organism emphasized the potential threat of Salmonella to public health, and also antibiotic resistance data revealed that the use of tetracyclines, quinolones and penicillin in poultry livestock should be restricted. The results will be of great use in the construction of future epidemiological surveillance of Salmonella spp. presence and antibiotic resistance in poultry meat and egg in Turkey.