Abstract
Surgical site infection (SSI) was the predominant complication following cesarean delivery. Risk factors like increased Body Mass Index (BMI), emergency cesarean section (CS), prolonged hospital stay, previous CS, anemia, pre-existing chronic diseases, and failure to use preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis associated with SSI. Surgical site infections are responsible for cost burden, longer hospital stay increased maternal morbidity and mortality. Despite the advance, aseptic measures & control practice SSI was the most common nosocomial infection. To determine the prevalence, risk factors, bacterial profile, and antimicrobial resistance pattern of SSI in women following Cesarean section at tertiary care center western India. Women who developed SSI underwent cesarean delivery enrolled in the present study. Data were collected from patient records. Collection of swab samples, identification of microorganisms, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by standard CLSI guidelines Results: Prevalence of SSI was 14.7% in this study. The risk factors significantly associated with SSI were emergency cesarean delivery, severe anemia, lack of preoperative antibiotics use, high Body Mass Index (BMI), preexisting disease, and previous history of CS, Klebsiella Pneumoniae & Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant isolates. Imipenem was the most susceptible and Amoxycilline-Clavulanate was the most Resistance antibiotic. Prompt identification of risk factors, microbial agents, and susceptibility patterns of SSIs are beneficial for the selection of appropriate antimicrobial therapy to prevent the emergence of drug resistance, planning to make infection control & antibiotic policy, and taking appropriate steps to prevent risk factors.
Highlights
According to the center for disease control (CDC) criteria surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as an infection that occurs at the incision/operative site within 30 days after surgical procedure.[1]
The risk factors significantly associated with Surgical site infection (SSI) were emergency cesarean delivery, severe anemia, lack of preoperative antibiotics use, high Body Mass Index (BMI), preexisting disease, and previous history of cesarean section (CS), Klebsiella Pneumoniae & Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant isolates
Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for studied of Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the bacterial isolates according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.8 0.5 McFarland standard suspension from isolated bacterial colonies was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST)
Summary
According to the center for disease control (CDC) criteria surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as an infection that occurs at the incision/operative site within 30 days after surgical procedure (cesarean section).[1] Surgical site infection (SSI) was the common consequence after cesarean section (CS) in pregnant women. Longer duration of hospital stay, dissatisfaction of patient, morbidity, and mortality of the pregnant women are the common consequences of SSI.[2] The predisposing risk factors of SSI are intrinsic and extrinsic types. Extrinsic risk factors hospital care and management related such as antibiotic prophylaxis, type of Cesarean section (elective/emergency), duration of operation, prolong postoperative hospital stay, anemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.[3] SSIs can be prevented by using prophylactic antibiotics before LSCS, minimizing the operation duration, short hospital stay, and strict adherence to infection control guidelines. The aim and objective of this study were to evaluate various risk factors associated with SSI, identify microorganisms causing surgical site infections, and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in our tertiary care hospital
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