Prevalence, Risk Factors and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Review with Current Evidence

Abstract

Objectives: This review is aimed to examine polycystic ovary syndrome, its prevalence, pathophysiology, risk factors, and viable management options. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across prominent databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. We included English-language articles published between 1990 and 2021. The search strategy involved utilizing keywords such as "polycystic ovary syndrome," "prevalence," "risk factors," "PCOS management," "diet and PCOS," "physical activity," and ‘’exercise effects’’ We thoroughly reviewed the selected studies to identify literature trends and correlations through data synthesis. Results: The findings from 45 full-text articles has indicated that the prevalence rates of PCOS have been found to range among many groups, as evidenced by several studies. Several studies have identified genetics, insulin resistance, and obesity as significant risk factors associated with the development of this condition. The study also revealed that lifestyle factors, specifically nutrition and physical exercise, exerted an impact on insulin sensitivity, weight regulation, and reproductive health among women diagnosed with PCOS. The implementation of interventions aimed at promoting healthier lifestyle choices has favorable results in the management of symptoms associated with PCOS. Conclusion: It is imperative to incorporate lifestyle modifications that encompass a well-balanced nutritional plan and consistent physical activity. Public health interventions that prioritize raising awareness and implementing targeted strategies have the potential to empower women, enabling them to make healthier lifestyle choices. This, in turn, can help reduce the adverse effects of PCOS on their general well-being.