Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has become an epidemic and has caused a tremendous healthy and economic burden in China, especially after the “two-child policy” put into effect on October 2015. The prevalence of GDM has continued to increase during the past few decades and is likely to see a further rise in the future. The public health impact of GDM is becoming more apparent in China and it might lead to the development of chronic non-communicable diseases in the long-term for both mothers and their children. Early identification of high-risk individuals could help to take preventive and intervention measures to reduce the risk of GDM and adverse perinatal outcomes. Therefore, a focus on prevention and intervention of GDM in China is of great importance. Lifestyle interventions, including dietary and physical exercise intervention, are effective and first-line preventive strategies for GDM prevention and intervention. The GDM One-day Care Clinic established in 2011, which educates GDM patients on the basic knowledge of GDM, dietary intervention, physical exercise, weight management, and blood glucose self-monitoring methods, sets a good model for group management of GDM and has been implemented throughout the hospitals as well as maternal and child health centers in China. The current review focus on the prevalence, risk factors, as well as prevention and lifestyle intervention of GDM in China for better understanding of the latest epidemiology of GDM in China and help to improve maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes and promote long-term health for women with GDM.
Highlights
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the common metabolic complication during pregnancy and is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mothers and their offspring in the short-term and in the long-term [1,2,3,4]
The current review focuses on the prevalence, risk factors, prevention, and lifestyle intervention of GDM in China to better understand the latest epidemiology of GDM in China, to help improve maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes, and promote long-term health for women with GDM
A retrospective study of 14,593 pregnant women was conducted and the results showed that the incidence of perinatal complications increased in pregnant women who met the IADPSG criteria without interventions, and indicated that the IADPSG diagnostic criteria were suitable in China [27]
Summary
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the common metabolic complication during pregnancy and is associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mothers and their offspring in the short-term and in the long-term [1,2,3,4]. Women with GDM are at an increased risk of perinatal morbidity These women are at particular high risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in their later life. 1,332,373 individuals (67,956 women with GDM and 1,264,417 controls), women with a history of GDM have a nearly 10-fold higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than those with normoglycemia during pregnancy [3]. The current review focuses on the prevalence, risk factors, prevention, and lifestyle intervention of GDM in China to better understand the latest epidemiology of GDM in China, to help improve maternal and neonatal pregnancy outcomes, and promote long-term health for women with GDM
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