Prevalence, Phenotype, and Genotype of Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Saliva and Root Canals in Patients with Persistent Apical Periodontitis

Abstract

Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, phenotype, and genotype of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from saliva and root canals in patients with endodontic treatment failure. Methods Samples were collected from 32 adults undergoing retreatment for periapical lesions after endodontic treatment performed at least 2 years previously. Isolates that were presumed to be E. faecalis were identified by both API20 Strep kits and 16S rRNA sequencing. Phenotypic tests for hemolysin and gelatinase production and antibiotic susceptibility were performed. Genotype analysis comprised virulence gene detection and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results The prevalence of E. faecalis was 18.8% in saliva and 40.6% in root canals ( P = .666, Fisher exact test). Of the 19 isolates of E. faecalis, 6 were from saliva and 13 were from root canals. In 3 patients, E. faecalis isolates from saliva were more resistant to gentamicin than those from root canals. The genes ace, asa, gelE, cylA, and efaA were detected from all isolates. PFGE after SmaI digestion showed a genetic correlation among all isolates of 62%–100%. Conclusions Phenotype and genotype evidence of potential virulence factors was identified in E. faecalis from both saliva and root canals. A single patient might carry different E. faecalis strains in saliva and root canals.