Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in acute coronary syndrome patients: A hospital-based study

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease are two widely connected entities. The prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes in and impact on survival of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients is largely unknown in our population. Aims and Objectives: To study the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in ACS patients and study short-term all-cause mortality in different diabetic and non-diabetic subgroups a hospital-based study. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Post-graduate Department of Medicine at Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It was prospective observational study. It included all patients, admitted as ACS in Medicine Department in between the period from April 2014 to August 2015 with a diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes which include ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non-STEMI, and unstable angina. Patients were categorized into five groups known Type 2 diabetes mellitus, prediabetes, first time detected diabetes, non-diabetic ACS patients, and stress-induced hyperglycemia. All-cause 30 days mortality was seen in all patient taken under study. Results: In our study, total of 693 ACS patients were enrolled. The mean age of patients was 61.20 ± 11.69 years. Males predominated in comparison to females with 4:1 ratio. 102 (14.7%) had undiagnosed (first time detected) diabetes. Diabetic and 1st time detected diabetic had double the mortality as compared to the normal and pre-diabetic group (10.8%, 8.8% vs. 5.8%). Conclusion: Undiagnosed diabetes in patients with ACS is not uncommon in our population. Diabetic status profoundly affects the short-term mortality of ACS patients.