Abstract
Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a potential pathogen for hospital-acquired infections. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of MRSA using tea extract. Methods: All S. aureus isolates obtained from wound samples were studied for antibiotic resistance pattern using 23 different antibiotics. Based on coagulase negative, S. aureus isolates were identified for toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST) gene and analyzed using PCR method. The antibacterial activities of tea extract were tested against MRSA using agar well-diffusion method. Results: A total of 100 wound samples were collected from hospital, where 75% of samples showed presence of S. aureus. About 100% resistance to cefoperazone, ampicillin, penicillin, rifampicin, novobiocin, and vancomycin antibiotics was observed. The isolates showed less resistance <50% toward chloramphenicol (30%), ciprofloxacin (25%), gentamycin (52%), amikacin (38%), and imipenem (33%). Twenty-five isolates were selected for MRSA characterization based on multiple drug resistance pattern. Coagulase-negative S. aureus isolates showed presence of TSST gene. Tea extract (2%) showed effective antibacterial activity against MRSA strains. Conclusion: The study showed the presence of MRSA at higher level and suggesting to out further epidemiological study on such infections. However, cost-effective and easily available tea extract was found to be the best antimicrobial agent for preventing such bacterial infection and to reduce the risk of emerging resistance.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus is among the leading Gram-positive bacteria causing diseases in humans and animals
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of S. aureus bacteria that are resistant for larger group of antibiotics called beta-lactams
Some strains of S. aureus, which produce exotoxin toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST)-1, are the causative agents for toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and other strains produce enterotoxin, which is the causative agent of S. aureus [3]
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus is among the leading Gram-positive bacteria causing diseases in humans and animals. S. aureus can cause wide range of illnesses ranging from minor skin infection to lifethreatening diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome (TSS), bacteremia, and sepsis [1]. MRSA is a bacterium responsible for causing several difficultto-treat infections in humans. MRSA is a strain of S. aureus bacteria that are resistant for larger group of antibiotics called beta-lactams. Beta-lactam antibiotics are the preferred drugs for serious S. aureus infections. Since the introduction of methicillin, the occurrence of MRSA strains has increased steadily, and nosocomial infections have become a serious problem worldwide. TSS is very rare but is a potentially fatal illness caused by bacterial toxin. The increasing prevalence of multidrugresistant organisms with no treatment option available for MRSA has become a global problem
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