Abstract
BackgroundTransfusion Transmitted virus (TTV) is a novel single-stranded DNA virus that was identified in patients with post-transfusion hepatitis of non-A-G type. Clinical significance of TTV infection was analyzed in Egyptian hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The present study attempted to clarify these issues in Egypt, particularly in Qaluobia governorate, a country known for its high endemicity of liver disease and hepatotropic viruses.MethodsTTV are determined in the serum of 60 samples obtained from HCC and liver cirrhosis (LC) patients and 30 healthy individuals. TTV DNA is amplified by nested-PCR with TTV-specific mixed primers derived from the conserved open reading frame 1 (ORF1) region followed by digestion with restriction enzyme. Using the enzymes HaeIII, DraI, EcoRI and PstI, we are able to distinguish between the four TTV genotypes.ResultsThe positive rate of TTV detection was 46.7%, 40% and 36.7% among HCC, LC patients and healthy individuals respectively. The more prevalence genotype was detected in the positive serum samples was genotype 1 (35.7%) in HCC patients, (50%) in LC and (63.3%) in healthy individuals, Genotype 5 (21.4%), (25.5%) and (18.2%) in HCC, LC and healthy individuals respectively.DiscussionThis study indicates that TTV is commonly present in adult patients with HCC and LC as well as healthy individuals. The most prevalence TTV genotype is genotype 1. It seems that the infection neither contribute to the severity of liver disease no to the causation of HCC.
Highlights
Transfusion Transmitted virus (TTV) is a novel single-stranded DNA virus that was identified in patients with post-transfusion hepatitis of non-A-G type
The present study is conducted on sixty patients classified into two groups: group one includes thirty patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (25 males and 5 females) and the second group includes thirty patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) (19 males and 11 females)
TTV DNA was found at high concentrations in liver tissue and in serum of patients with liver disease [3], several studies reported a high endemicity of infection in subjects with no evidence of hepatitis [18]
Summary
Transfusion Transmitted virus (TTV) is a novel single-stranded DNA virus that was identified in patients with post-transfusion hepatitis of non-A-G type. Clinical significance of TTV infection was analyzed in Egyptian hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. A small single-stranded DNA virus, named TT virus (TTV), was discovered in Japan from patients with non-A-G transfusion-acquired hepatitis [1]. Its prevalence and clinical significance are being assessed worldwide, its relationship with aggravation and progression to severe liver disease and HCC remain controversial. TTV DNA was detected in 12% of healthy blood donors, the serological prevalence of TTV infection in healthy blood donors was lower than that in patients with fulminant or chronic cryptogenic liver diseases [3]. TTV infection was investigated [4,5,6,7] in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD), as they are assumed to be at risk of blood-borne virus infections such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), because of the repeated blood transfusion and the high frequency of exposure to invasive techniques [8,9]
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