Abstract
Objective:To assess age standardized prevalence of tobacco use in urban and rural areas of Pakistan.Methods:This is a sub-study of second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016-2017. Prevalence of tobacco, ex-tobacco and non-tobacco users was determined in urban/rural areas of four provinces (Punjab, Sindh, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Baluchistan) of Pakistan amongst people aged greater than or equal to 20 years. Information regarding tobacco and non-tobacco users were obtained from second NDSP (2016-2017) predesigned questionnaire. Detailed methodology for demographic, anthropometric and biochemical parameters remained same as reported in second NDSP (2016-2017).Results:The age-standardized prevalence of tobacco use in Pakistan was found to be 13.4%. Tobacco use in urban areas was 16.3% and rural areas was 11.7%. Tobacco use in urban and rural males was 26.1% and 24.1%, while in females was 7.7% and 3.1%, respectively. The age-standardized prevalence of ex-tobacco use in Pakistan was found to be 2.3%. Ex-tobacco use in urban areas was 2.6% and rural areas was 2.3%. Similarly, ex-tobacco use in urban and rural males was 4.6% and 4.6%, while in females was 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analysis shows that increasing age does not relate towards addiction of tobacco. Males were found to be 7 times (OR 6.94, 95% CI 5.68-8.49) and urban residents twice (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.73-2.52) more tobacco users than females and those living in rural areas, respectively. From the likelihood ratio test, all variables were found to be statistically significant except for dysglycemia, dyslipidemia and hypertension.Conclusion:The prevalence of tobacco use is high. As a sub paper of a large national survey, this evidence is expected to serve as an important tool to plan larger studies leading in turn to develop strategies for a successful tobacco control program in the country.
Highlights
Tobacco use jeopardizes human health and is one of the major sources for non-communicable diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancers.[1]
There is a dearth of information on the prevalence, determinants, and management of tobacco use in Pakistan apart from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) 2014.6 this sub-study aimed to assess the age standardized prevalence of tobacco use in urban and rural areas of four provinces of Pakistan amongst people aged 20 years or more. Data for this sub-study of the primary study was obtained from second National Diabetes Survey of Pakistan (NDSP) 2016-2017, a large, communitybased epidemiological survey.[12]
In second NDSP (2016-2017) survey, 10834 individuals were screened for diabetes fulfilling inclusion criteria
Summary
Tobacco use jeopardizes human health and is one of the major sources for non-communicable diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancers.[1] Tobacco related diseases are a major cause and consequence of poverty in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).[2]. Pak J Med Sci May - June 2020 Vol 36 No 4 www.pjms.org.pk 808 responsible for death of about seven million people each year; many are premature deaths reported by World Health Organization’s (WHO) new Global Report on Trends in Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking 2000-2025.4 in developed countries a decline in the prevalence of tobacco use has been reported. Overall prevalence of tobacco use in Pakistan are found less common compared to its neighboring countries (19.1% vs. >25%).[6]
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