Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the most typically employed in patients with mental disorders; among them, patients with schizophrenia are the very best users. The rate of smoking among patients with schizophrenia is between two and three times greater than the general population in western countries. However, there is a scarcity of studies on the magnitude and associated factors of tobacco dependence among patients with schizophrenia in Ethiopia. Therefore, we assessed the prevalence of tobacco dependence and associated factors among patients with schizophrenia at Mettu Karl referral, Bedelle, and Agaro hospitals, Southwest, Ethiopia. Hospital-based the multistage stratified cross-sectional study design was conducted among 524 patients with schizophrenia who are on treatment. Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) was used to screen the prevalence of tobacco dependence. Analysis of data was done using SPSS version 24. The prevalence of tobacco dependence among study participants was 22.3% (95% CI) (18.6, 26). Concerning the severity of tobacco dependence, 3.5%, 13.8%, and 5% of the respondents report moderate, high, and very high levels of tobacco dependence respectively. The proportions of tobacco dependence among male schizophrenic patients 88 (25.8%) were higher compared to their counterparts 27 (15.5%). After controlling the effects of cofounders in the final regression analysis, male gender (AOR 2.19, 95% CI = 1.25, 3.83), being on treatment for more than 5years (AOR 4.37, 95% CI = 2.11, 9.02), having a history of admission (AOR 4.01, 95% CI = 1.99, 8.11), and family history of mental illness (AOR 1.90, 95% CI = 1.04, 3.48) were shown to have a significant positive association with tobacco dependence. A study show a significant proportion of tobacco dependence among people living with schizophrenia. Factors like, being male gender, being on treatment for more than 5 years, having a history of admission, and family history of mental illness was found to have a significant positive association with tobacco dependence. Hence, there is a need for coordinated and comprehensive management clinically to manage tobacco dependence along with identified risk factors in patients with schizophrenia. Also the finding call for the clinicians, managers, ministry of health and other stakeholders on the substance use prevention strategies that target personal and environmental control.
Highlights
Cigarette smoking is among the highest 5 causes of risk mortality and is that the single largest preventable reason behind death; it promotes quite five million annual deaths, inflicting 11% of ischemic heart deaths and quite seventieth of respiratory organ, cartilaginous tube, and trachea cancer [1]
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Mortality from smoking is higher among individuals living with mental illness supported by the report of the study comprised 600,000 respondents where tobacco-related conditions were contributed to 53% of total deaths in schizophrenia [5]
Summary
Cigarette smoking is among the highest 5 causes of risk mortality and is that the single largest preventable reason behind death; it promotes quite five million annual deaths, inflicting 11% of ischemic heart deaths and quite seventieth of respiratory organ, cartilaginous tube, and trachea cancer [1]. According to the report of WHO, cigarette smoking in the developed countries is the cause of 20% of preventable death [2]. People living with mental illness are more likely to smoke and be at greater risk for smoking-related health problems than the general population [4]. Mortality from smoking is higher among individuals living with mental illness supported by the report of the study comprised 600,000 respondents where tobacco-related conditions were contributed to 53% of total deaths in schizophrenia [5]. The rate of smoking among patients with schizophrenia is between two and three times greater than the general population in western countries. There is a scarcity of studies on the magnitude and associated factors of tobacco dependence among patients with schizophrenia in Ethiopia. We assessed the prevalence of tobacco dependence and associated factors among patients with schizophrenia at Mettu Karl referral, Bedelle, and Agaro hospitals, Southwest, Ethiopia
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