Prevalence of Thyroid Disorder in Gallstone Disease Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract

Background Gallstone disease (GSD) is one of the most common disorders involving the biliary system. The three types of gallstones include pigment, cholesterol, and mixed stones. Studies have suggested a potential association between thyroid dysfunction and lipid pathogenesis, which influences bile composition. A higher prevalence of thyroid disorders may have an impact on the management of GSD patients. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of thyroid disorders and associated dyslipidemias among individuals diagnosed with GSD. Methodology This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted among 180 eligible patients with a mean age of 47.72 ± 15.29 years. This study included 56 (31%) male and 124 (69%) female patients admitted to the Department of General Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, in eastern India. A diagnosis of GSD was established based on a radiological investigation (ultrasonography) and was included in the study. A thyroid profile test, a liver function test, and a lipid profile test were done for all patients. Patients with a previous surgical history of thyroid disease and known cases of hypothyroidism taking thyroxin supplements for treatment, as well as uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and hypertension, were excluded from the study. Relevant data were collected and statistically analyzed. Results Among the 180 patients, 122 (67.77%) were euthyroid, 35 (19.44%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, 20 (11.11%) had clinical hypothyroidism, and three (1.66%) had hyperthyroidism. Out of a total of 55 hypothyroidism patients, 37 (67.27%) had dyslipidemias. Conclusions The prevalence of hypothyroidism in GSD was 30%, with a female predominance. Hypothyroidism is a specific risk factor for cholelithiasis, and all patients with GSD who have dyslipidemia should be evaluated for thyroid dysfunction.