Abstract
BackgroundThe objectives of this study were to study the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) and its association with anxiety, depression, and stress among the general Lebanese population as well as in a sample of patients recruited from an otolaryngologist clinic.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2018 and December 2019, which enrolled 459 participants from all districts of Lebanon (sample 1) and 37 patients from the otolaryngologist clinic at the Eye and Ear Hospital (sample 2). The temporomandibular disorder screening checklist was used to screen for temporomandibular joint disorder. The Fonseca’s anamnestic index was used to assess for temporomandibular joint disorder related signs and symptoms, as well as for symptoms severity.ResultsThe results showed that 19.7% of the general Lebanese population had TMD, from which 55.9% were female. In contrast, 59.5% of patients in the sample recruited from the clinic were found to have TMD. Higher stress, anxiety, and depression scores were associated with higher temporomandibular disorder severity score (B = 0.23; B = 0.10 and B = 0.10 respectively). Patients in the sample recruited from the clinic had higher mean stress (20.75 vs 11.43), anxiety (12.46 vs 5.78), depression (13.24 vs 6.52), and temporomandibular disorder severity scores (59.5% vs 19.7%) than the general population.ConclusionTemporomandibular joint disorder appears to be associated significantly with depression, anxiety, and stress and remains largely underdiagnosed in the general population.
Highlights
The objectives of this study were to study the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) and its association with anxiety, depression, and stress among the general Lebanese population as well as in a sample of patients recruited from an otolaryngologist clinic
The mean age of the participants was 30.88 ± 14.50 years. 54.7% were of female gender. 87 (19.7%) of the participants had Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) [95% CI 0.160–0.234], with a mean TMD severity (FAI score) of 22.02 ± 17.50. 55.9% of patients with TMD were female
Our study has shown that the higher number of hours spent on the phone per day, was associated with higher depression, anxiety and stress scores and higher TMD severity score
Summary
The objectives of this study were to study the prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) and its association with anxiety, depression, and stress among the general Lebanese population as well as in a sample of patients recruited from an otolaryngologist clinic. Temporomandibular joint disorder is a group of pain conditions that affect the function of the temporomandibular joint, along with the muscles of mastication [1, 2]. Pain in the area around the temporomandibular joint, can be due to diseases from inside the articulation, from adjacent structures, or from a combination of both [3]. In respect to TMD, the term Masticatory Myofascial Pain (MTMD) can be used to describe the myogenic component of the disease
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