Prevalence of systemic and ocular diseases in age-related cataract patients

Abstract

Cataract patients often display concomitant ocular and systemic diseases which may influence the decision between general and regional anesthesia. The aim of this study was to quantify co-morbidity of these patients and assess the influence of the two types of anesthesia an the anesthesiological risk on the frequency of intra- and post-operative complications and visual outcome. In this prospective study, in patients scheduled for cataract extraction at the University Eye Hospital and Clinic of Ulm (tertiary eye care center) all systemic and ocular diseases as well as intra- and postoperative complications were analyzed. The prevalence of the co-morbidity in our patients was compared to other studies including age-matched controls. The anesthesiological risk was quantified using the classification scheme of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). Eighty-eight patients with a mean age of 70.4 +/- 11.7 years were analyzed. Sixty-one% of patients displayed systemic as well as ocular co-morbidity. Only systemic or ocular comorbidity was present in 32% and 5% of patients, respectively. Two% of patients exhibited neither ocular nor systemic comorbidity. In 61% of patients the surgery was performed in regional anesthesia and in 39% in general anesthesia. The prevalence of systemic and ocular co-morbidity as found in our study was significantly higher as compared to that in the general population of the same age. Visual improvement and the frequency of intra- and postoperative complications were independent on type of anesthesia and anesthesiological risk. Patients who were scheduled at our institution for cataract surgery exhibited a high frequency of ocular as well as systemic co-morbidity. This can be interpreted in such a way that patients with a high level of co-morbidity are referred to tertiary eye care centers for cataract surgery.