Prevalence of Surgical Site Infection at the Stoma Site following Four Skin Closure Techniques: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Abstract

Background/Aims: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a common complication of stoma reversal. Studies have suggested that different skin closures affect SSI rates. Our aim was to determine which skin closure technique following stoma reversal leads to the lowest rate of SSI. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of all adult patients undergoing stoma reversal at a single institution (2005-2011) and compared the rate of SSI following four skin closure techniques: primary closure (PC), secondary closure (SC), loose PC (LPC), and circular closure (CC). Univariate analysis included χ² or Fisher's exact test and ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis H test for categorical and continuous data, respectively. A multivariate logistic regression model was created to identify predictors of SSI. Results: One hundred and forty-six patients were identified: 40 (27%) PC, 68 (47%) SC, 20 (14%) LPC, and 18 (12%) CC. CC was less likely to have SSI (6%) compared to PC (43%), SC (16%), and LPC (15%; p < 0.01). Increasing body mass index was a predictor of SSI (odds ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.12, p < 0.01). CC was associated with the lowest odds of developing SSI [0.07 (0.01-0.63), p = 0.02]. Conclusions: SSI rate was the lowest for stomas that were closed with CC.