Prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1

Prevalencia de trastornos del sueño en pacientes con neurofibromatosis tipo 1

Introduction. Tension-type headache (TTH) represents a widespread and recurrent disease in adults, children, and adolescents, adversely affecting the quality of life, learning achievements, and social functioning. In recent publications, a high incidence of comorbid disorders in patients with TTH is discussed, in particular sleep disorders. The aim of the study was to assess the nature and prevalence of sleep disorders in children and adolescents with frequent episodic TTH and chronic TTH. Materials and methods. One hundred fifty patients aged from 8 years to 16 years 11 months with TTH were examined. Of them, 91 (49 boys, 42 girls) had frequent episodic TTH, 59 (26 boys, 33 girls) had chronic TTH. There was used Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children including 26 questions for parents. Results. The present study confirms the high incidence of sleep disorders among TTH children and adolescents. TTH was diagnosed in 129 (86.0%) out of 150 patients. The most frequently diagnosed varying degrees of severity (clinically relevant and borderline, when assessing sleep disorders in children) were insomnia (disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep) - in 65.3% of patients (including 60.4% with frequent episodic TTH and 72.9% with chronic TTH), excessive somnolence - in 74.7% (67.1% and 86.4%), sleep breathing disorders - in 26.7% (23.1% and 32.2%), disorders of arousal/nightmares - in 46.0% (42.9% and 50.8%), sleep-wake transition disorders - in 65.3% (67.1% and 62.7%), sleep hyperhidrosis - in 31.3% (26.4% and 39.0%). Thus, all sleep disorders (except for sleep-wake transition disorders) were significantly more common among the patients with chronic TTH. At the same time, in the subgroup of patients with TTH and any sleep disorders, significantly more prominent indicators of the frequency, the intensity of TTH and its negative impact on the daily activity were revealed, compared to patients with TTH lacking sleep disorders. Conclusion. The results of the assessment of children and adolescents with TTH show that when planning preventive therapy for TTH and evaluating its results, not only main clinical characteristics of TTH should be taken into account, but also the manifestations and severity of comorbid disorders, including sleep disorders observed in most patients with TTH. The revealed prevalence of various sleep disorders in the subgroup of patients with chronic TTH confirms that sleep disorders and anxiety disorders refer to significant risk factors for the transition of TTH to a chronic form, and such patients need more active multimodal treatment.

Introduction The prevalence of sleep complaints in the general population far surpasses that of sleep disorders, mainly due to under-recognition. In patients with dementia, the prevalence of sleep disorders is even more vague, despite growing interest in the association between neurodegeneration and sleep disturbances. This project aims to understand the prevalence of sleep disorders in dementia patients, overall and across demographics. Methods Data was analyzed from the outpatient EMR in the UTHealth Neurosciences clinic from January 1, 2022-December 18, 2023. 12,187 patients with a dementia diagnosis were selected. ICD-10 codes identified patients with concomitant sleep-related diagnoses. The cohort was analyzed by race and gender. Percentages of patients with sleep apnea and insomnia were also identified. Results The sample of dementia patients included 5354 white, 2846 black, 2273 other, 663 Hispanic, 489 unknown, 455 Asian, and 25 American Indian or Alaska natives. Among these, 22% white, 21% black, 20% other, 24% Hispanic, 18% unknown race, 17% Asian, and 36% American Indian or Alaska Native patients carried a sleep disorder diagnosis. We note that a comparatively small number, only 25 American Indian or Alaska Native patients were included in the analysis, which might account for the disproportionate sleep disorder prevalence in that group. Regarding gender, the patients consisted of 1069 female and 5108 male patients with dementia. Of these, 20% of female and 22% of male patients carried sleep-related diagnoses. 13.4% were given a diagnosis of insomnia and 7% of sleep apnea. 5% of female and 9 % of male patients had sleep apnea. 14% of female and 12% of male patients were diagnosed with insomnia. Other sleep disorders were not separately identified. The overall percentage of dementia patients with sleep-related diagnoses was 21%. Conclusion The prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with dementia was about 20%. Similar to the general population, the most common sleep disorder diagnosis was insomnia, with sleep apnea being a close second. Also, similar to the general population, insomnia was more common in female patients and sleep apnea in male patients. There were no significant differences in the frequencies of sleep-related diagnoses among dementia patients in racial and gender groups. Support (if any) None

ObjectivesChild and adolescent sleep is an important factor for brain and physical development. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders in children and adolescents and determine the type of utilization of medical institutions. This study analyzed the prevalence and type of medical institutions in Korean children and adolescents with sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders.MethodsThis study used data recorded in the Health Insurance Review and Assessment-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) database from 2010 to 2017. Details of medical institution type and patient’s sex, age, and treatment type were extracted for patients younger than 20 years with sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders.ResultsAmong 2,536,478 patients under age 20, we identified 3,772 patients with sleep disorders or nonorganic sleep disorders. From 2010 to 2017, the prevalence of sleep disorders in children and adolescents was 0.07% to 0.09%. The utilization rate of Korean medical institutions was 30.47%. The prevalence of nonorganic sleep disorders and the utilization rate of Korean medical institutions were 0.06% to 0.08% and 45.99%, respectively.ConclusionThe prevalence of sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders in the under-20 population was 0.14% to 0.16%. More than 70% of patients with nonorganic sleep disorder who were younger than 9 years used Korean medical institutions.

The High Prevalence of Alexithymia in Hemodialyzed Patients With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism Unsuppressed by Medical Therapy Is Cured by Parathyroidectomy

To determine the incremental increases in health care utilization and expenditures associated with sleep disorders. Adults with a diagnosis of a sleep disorder (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, code G47.x) within the medical conditions file of the 2018 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey medical conditions file were identified. This dataset was then linked to the consolidated expenditures file and comparisons in health care utilization and expenditures were made between those with and without sleep disorders. Multivariate analyses, adjusted for demographics and comorbidities, were conducted for these comparisons. Overall, 5.6% ± 0.2% of the study population had been diagnosed with a sleep disorder, representing approximately 13.6 ± 0.6 million adults in the United States. Those with sleep disorders were more likely to be non-Hispanic, White, and female, with a higher proportion with public insurance and higher Charlson Comorbidity Scores. Adults with sleep disorders were found to have increased utilization of office visits (16.3 ± 0.8 vs 8.7 ± 0.3, P < .001), emergency room visits (0.52 ± 0.03 vs 0.37 ± 0.02, P < .001), and prescriptions (39.7 ± 1.2 vs 21.9 ± 0.4, P < .001) vs those without sleep disorders. The additional incremental health care expenses for those with sleep disorders were increased in all examined measures: total health care expense ($6,975 ± $800, P < .001), total office-based expenditures ($1,694 ± $277, P < .001), total prescription expenditures ($2,574 ± $364, P < .001), and total self-expenditures for prescriptions ($195 ± $32, P < .001). Sleep disorders are associated with significantly higher rates of health care utilization and expenditures. By using the conservative prevalence estimate found in this study, the overall incremental health care costs of sleep disorders in the United States represents approximately $94.9 billion. Huyett P, Bhattacharyya N. Incremental health care utilization and expenditures for sleep disorders in the United States. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(10):1981-1986.

Aim and objective To study the prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with moderate and severe types of allergic rhinitis (AR). Materials and methods Patients presenting to the ENT OPD of a tertiary care hospital were evaluated using validated tools. Those with symptoms of allergic rhinitis and having a score of &gt;7 using the score for allergic rhinitis (SFAR) questionnaire, were assessed for severity of allergic rhinitis using allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA) classification. A total of 210 patients with moderate to severe AR were included. Associated sleep disorders were assessed using self-administered questionnaires-French version (HD 42) and Epworth sleepiness scale score (ESS). The data was compiled into IBM SPSS statistics 2.0 windows and correlated. Results Among 210 patients included in this study, the sleep disorders reported were insomnia in 59%, hypersomnia in 38.6%, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in 2.4% with no gender or age significance (p = 0.153 and 0.173, respectively). A total of 83.3% of patients complained of tiredness on waking up in the morning and 54.3% of patients reported daytime somnolence. Snoring was correlated with OSA and was seen to be higher in males (45%, p = 0.001) and middle aged (42.96 years, p = 0.002). Conclusion There is a significant prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis. Early detection and treatment of these will improve their quality of life. Clinical significance Patients presenting with AR symptoms should be routinely questioned about their sleep quality and daytime somnolence so that early detection and aggressive treatment of AR can help in controlling the resultant sleep disturbances and thereby significantly improve the quality of life in these individuals. How to cite this article Ramachandran C, Bhate JJ, Menon UK, et al. Prevalence of Sleep Disorders in Moderate to Severe Type of Allergic Rhinitis. Indian J Sleep Med 2021;16(1):1–4.

Association of Sleep Disorders with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Population-based Study

Objectives This study aimed to examine ethnic disparities in the prevalence of diabetes and its association with sleep disorders among the older adults Han and ethnic minority (Bai, Ha Ni, and Dai) population in rural southwest China. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 5,642 was conducted among the rural southwest population aged ≥60 years, consisting of a structured interview and measurement of fasting blood glucose, height, weight, and waist circumference. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. Results The overall prevalence of diabetes and sleep disorder was 10.2% and 40.1%, respectively. Bai participants had the highest prevalence of diabetes (15.9%) and obesity (9.9%)(P < 0.01), while Ha Ni participants had the lowest prevalence of diabetes (5.1%) and obesity (3.4%)(P < 0.01). The highest prevalence of sleep disorder (48.4%) was recorded in Bai participants, while Dai participants had the lowest prevalence of sleep disorder (25.6%)(P < 0.01). In all four studied ethnicities, females had a higher prevalence of sleep disorder than males (P < 0.01), and the prevalence of sleep disorder increased with age (P < 0.01). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated older adults with sleep disorder had a risk of developing diabetes (P < 0.05). Moreover, the higher educational level, family history of diabetes, and obesity were the main risk factors for diabetes in participants (P < 0.01). Conclusion There are stark ethnic disparities in the prevalence of diabetes and sleep disorders in southwest China. Future diabetes prevention and control strategies should be tailored to address ethnicity, and improving sleep quality may reduce the prevalence of diabetes.

Evaluation of sleep hygiene and prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with monosymptomatic enuresis. Usefulness of the BEARS sleep screening tool

Objective To explore the clinical features of sleep disorder in patients with stroke and its related factors. Methods Two hundred and four patients with stroke, admitted to our hospital from January 2005 to June 2010, were chosen; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was employed to determine whether these patients had sleep disorder; the prevalences of sleep disorder in patients with different ages, genders and lesions of stroke were compared. Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90)questionnaire was used to compare the physical and mental conditions of patients with or without sleep disorder; Hamilton Depression Rating Scales (HAMD), Barthel index, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were employed to compare the differences of depression, viability and neurologic impairment in patients with or without sleep disorder. Results The prevalence of sleep disorder was 46.6% (95/204), and it was higher in female group (53.8% vs 38.8%; x2=3.851, P=0.033). Patients aged ≥70 years had the highest rate of sleep disorder (57.6%), followed by patients aged ＜50 years (41.5%),and then patients aged between 50 and 69 years showed the lowest rate (32.9%). The sites of stroke located in the subcortex, cortex, and cerebellum enjoyed their prevalences of 64.2%, 27.4% and 4.5%,respectively. The incidence of sleep disorder in patients with stroke located in the left hemisphere was obviously higher than that in the right hemisphere (x2=7.688, P=0.008). The results of 9 indexes of SCL-90, scores of HAMD and NIHSS in patients with sleep disorder were significantly higher than those in patients without sleep disorder, while the Barthel index was in the opposite position with obvious differences (P＜0.05). Conclusion High prevalence of sleep disorder in patients with stroke is noted,which is related to gender, age of the patients and the sites of stroke, and may lead to depression, anxiety,neurological functional deficit and decrease of life quality. And we should pay more attention to nursing care during all the treatment. Key words: Stroke; Sleep disorder; Depression

Sleep quality and mental health in the context of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown in Morocco

BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a high prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with CKD. Sleep apnea, restless legs syndrome and daytime sleepiness are much more common in haemodialysis patients than the general population. OBJECTIVE To know the prevalence of sleep problems in patients in our hospital haemodialysis unit through surveys carried out on patients. METHOD We designed a cross-sectional study on the prevalence of sleep disorders. Exclusion criteria age under 18 years. We gave 4 questionnaires to the patients in our unit: restless legs, Epworth daytime sleepiness, Berlin and Pittsburg Sleep quality. We collected demographic and clinical variables, dialysis parameters and laboratory data that could be related. Student's t-test and X-squared were applied for qualitative variables. SSps Version 15.0. RESULTS Of those surveyed, 12 had criteria for restless leg syndrome. The difference between ferritin and CRP among the RLS group was striking. Excessive daytime sleepiness is met in 10 patients. Only the CRP values were significantly higher in the group with the normal test. When associating the Epworth test and the Berlin questionnaire, we had a total of 3 patients with high risk of OSAS. 15 patients meet the criteria for poor quality of sleep in the Pittsburg questionnaire where we assess: quality, latency, efficacy and duration of sleep as well as use of medication and daytime impairment. CONCLUSION Highlight the high prevalence of sleep disorders: 24% restless leg syndrome, 20% daytime sleepiness and 30% with poor sleep quality. We must assess sleep disorders in haemodialysis patients since they present a significant deterioration in quality of life.

IntroductionMycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common form of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. Given that MF is a rare disease, evidence regarding its impact on sleep and quality of life is limited; however, our study aims to evaluate this aspect.Patients and MethodsIn this case‐control study, 72 patients with MF were enrolled in the case group, and 72 matched healthy individuals were enrolled in the control group. Data regarding sleep disturbances were collected and analyzed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaires. Poor sleep quality was defined as a score > 5.ResultsThe control and case groups had median scores of 5.12 ± 2.57 and 10.22 ± 3.75 by PSQI and 6.39 ± 4.86 and 16.28 ± 6.99 by ISI, respectively. Multiple logistic regression revealed a significant association between the study group and the prevalence of poor sleep quality, as measured by both the PSQI (p < 0.0001) and the ISI (p < 0.0001). However, age, sex, marital status, pruritus, disease stage and onset, and lesion locations were not found to be associated with poor sleep quality.DiscussionsBoth the severity and prevalence of sleep disorders were significantly higher in the patients compared to a matched healthy population. Due to the profound impact of sleep on quality of life and considering the high prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with MF, evaluating a patient’s sleep quality could improve their quality of life. Therefore, professional treatment can be administered if sleep disorders are observed or suspected.

Prevalence of sleep disorders in patients with epilepsy: A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study