Prevalence of self-reported food allergy in Cartagena (Colombia) population

Abstract

Food allergy (FA) is an important health problem in western societies; however, there are no data available from developing countries. Studies based on self-reported symptoms range from 1.4 % to 33 %, and it is supposed that FA is more prevalent early in life. To our knowledge in Latin America there has not been a report on prevalence estimates for food allergy in unselected population-based studies. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of self-reported food allergy, the most frequent symptoms, the allergens, and the risk factors for FA in a population from Cartagena (Colombia). This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 3099 (55.4 % Female, and 44.6 % Male) individuals in a randomised selection, aged 1-83 years, living in neighbourhoods in Cartagena, were asked questions about personal and family history of allergies and food allergy. The overall prevalence of self-reported FA was 14.9 % (Total 461 subjects, 16.4 % female, 12.8 % male). Fruit/vegetables (41.8 %), seafood (26.6 %), and meats (20.8 %), were the most reported allergens. The most frequently reported symptoms were skin (61.4 %), gastrointestinal (29.1 %), and respiratory reactions (8.6 %). FA was most frequent in subjects reporting atopic diseases (62.9 % vs. 29.6 %, chi2 test, p < 0.001). Self-reported FA was determined in Cartagena population. Fruit/vegetables, seafood, and meats were the most reported allergens. Skin and gastrointestinal symptoms were the most frequent manifestation of FA. Our study is the first report on prevalence estimates for food allergy in a Latin American country.