Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) or of interest (VOIs) causing vaccine breakthrough infections pose an increased risk to worldwide public health. An observational case-control study was performed of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections in hospitalized or ambulatory patients in Monterrey, Mexico, from April through August 2021. Vaccination breakthrough was defined as a SARS-CoV-2 infection that occurred any time after 7 days of inoculation with partial (e.g., first dose of two-dose vaccines) or complete immunization (e.g., second dose of two-dose vaccines or single-dose vaccine, accordingly). Case group patients (n = 53) had partial or complete vaccination schemes with CanSino (45%), Sinovac (19%), Pfizer/BioNTech (15%), and AstraZeneca/Oxford (15%). CanSino was administered most frequently in ambulatory patients (p < 0.01). The control group (n = 19) received no COVID-19 vaccines. Among SARS-CoV-2 variants detected by whole-genome sequencing, VOC Delta B.1.617.2 predominated in vaccinated ambulatory patients (p < 0.01) and AY.4 in hospitalized patients (p = 0.04); VOI Mu B.1.621 was detected in four (7.55%) vaccinated patients. SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections in our hospital occurred mostly in patients vaccinated with CanSino due to the higher prevalence of CanSino vaccine administration in our population. These patients developed mild COVID-19 symptoms not requiring hospitalization. The significance of this study lies on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants compromising the efficacy of local immunization therapies in Monterrey, Mexico.
Highlights
IntroductionThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 and was later declared by the World Health Organization as a pandemic [1]
A total of 53 cases of COVID-19 vaccine breakthrough infections occurred in our hospital from 19 April 2021 to 11 August 2021 (Supplementary Table S2)
The definition for vaccination breakthrough in this study was any SARS-CoV-2 infection that occurred any time after 7 days of inoculation with partial or complete immunization
Summary
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 and was later declared by the World Health Organization as a pandemic [1]. COVID-19 is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and there are currently more than 200 million cases and over 4 million deaths reported worldwide. 3 million cases and up to 250,000 deaths have been reported [2]. The rapid development of efficient and safe vaccines against COVID-19 undertook countless efforts in the year 2020 [3]. Up to 4.5 billion vaccine doses have been already administered worldwide [2].
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