Abstract
IntroductionThe rising prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a global public health challenge particularly in developing countries, including our local environment, where subjects with the disease present late and may already be in need of renal replacement therapy. Early detection of modifiable risk factors of CKD is a plausible strategy to reduce its prevalence and burden. The 2014 World Kidney Day (WKD) exercise provided a veritable opportunity to identify CKD risk factors among adult Nigerians for early intervention.MethodsSubjects were mobilized from the University community for the 2014 WKD exercise. The parameters assessed were demographics, Body mass index (BMI), blood pressures, proteinuria, glycosuria, serum creatinine and fasting plasma glucose. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) was estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0.ResultsA total of 259 volunteers were studied, mean age of 28.3±9.7years (16-66years). Males comprised 135(52.1%) while 124(47.9%) were females. The frequency of risk factors of CKD observed were obesity in 31(12.2%) subjects, proteinuria and glycosuria in 32(12.4%) and 7(2.7%) subjects respectively. Hypertension and hyperglycaemia were seen in 54(20.8%) and 11(4.3%) of subjects respectively. Five subjects (1.9%) had e-GFR < 60mls/min/1.73m2.ConclusionPrevalence of CKD risk factors in this study population was high. There is need for continuous education, regular screening for early detection and early intervention by risk factor modification to prevent and/or reduce the growing burden of CKD and its sequelae in Nigeria.
Highlights
The rising prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a global public health challenge in developing countries, including our local environment, where subjects with the disease present late and may already be in need of renal replacement therapy
Several hospital based studies in Nigeria have put the prevalence of CKD between 1.6 - 12.4% [3] with a high prevalence of risk factors observed in various studies among different groups [4,5]
Regular screening to aid early detection of risk factors is paramount in the prevention of CKD and ESRD
Summary
The rising prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a global public health challenge in developing countries, including our local environment, where subjects with the disease present late and may already be in need of renal replacement therapy. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major health concern globally, especially in developing countries with a marked burden in Sub-Saharan Africa [1]. This concern is largely due to the rising prevalence of risk factors such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and the HIV pandemic, the enormous cost implication of its treatment, its role in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and the fact that the disease largely afflicts the economically productive younger age groups [1,2]. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of risk factors for CKD among adults in a University community in the South-South Region of Nigeria, for early intervention in identified cases for prevention and delay of CKD progression
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