Abstract
BackgroundRapid detection of rifampicin resistance is essential for early management and prevention of transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We studied the prevalence of rifampicin resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) among presumptive TB patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsA retrospective cross sectional study was conducted in three referral hospitals and the regional laboratory in Addis Ababa city from March 2015 to October 2017. Data was collected by data-extraction sheet from registration books. It was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Statistically significant association was taken with P < 0.05.ResultsA total of 12,414 (11,672 adults and 742 paediatrics) TB presumptive patients were included in the study. The overall prevalence of TB was 15.11% (1876/12414) in all age groups and 13.6%(101/742) among paediatric population. Rifampicin resistant TB was 9.9% (186/1876) in all TB confirmed cases and 7.9% (8/101) in paediatric TB patients. The prevalence of rifampicin resistant TB among new and previously treated was 7.6 and 27.4%, respectively. Sex (being female) and previous TB treatment were significantly associated with rifampicin resistant TB.ConclusionsRifampicin-resistant TB is prevalent both among adult and paediatric TB patients. The strong association of rifampicin resistance with previous treatment in this study suggests the need to improve and monitor the treatment to limit the emergence of drug resistant TB.
Highlights
Rapid detection of rifampicin resistance is essential for early management and prevention of transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
Research recognized that RR can be a surrogate marker for MDR-TB in more than 90% of the cases [6]
World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that RR-TB patients should be treated like patients with MDR-TB [7]
Summary
Rapid detection of rifampicin resistance is essential for early management and prevention of transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). We studied the prevalence of rifampicin resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) among presumptive TB patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Routine testing of all patients with TB is WHO endorsed the Xpert MTB/RIF assay, which is a rapid and automated molecular system that detects both M.tuberculosis DNA and rifampicin-resistance (RR) associated mutations simultaneously. WHO recommends that RR-TB patients should be treated like patients with MDR-TB [7] This technique was indicated for patients with TB/HIV co-infection, presumptive MDRTB and paediatrics TB patients [8] but 3 years later of its implementation, it was recommended for all patients suspected of having TB [9].
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