Abstract
Ganga is a divine water body which has acquired a status of mother goddess in Indian culture civilization. Ganga water is considered as sacred water and Hindu rituals from birth to death cannot be consecrated without Ganga water. The microbiological quality of holy river Ganga, life sustaining surface water resource for large population of northern India is adversely affected due to rapid industrialization and population growth. The current investigation surveyed on total number of 10 water samples collected from river Ganga flowing in different cities of India. The samples were analyzed for Most Probable Number (MPN) of coliforms and found to be in the range of 940 organisms to 33000 organisms per 100ml. Similarly, MPN Fecal coliform was done at an incubation of higher temperature, and resulted from lower of 109 organisms to a higher at 2800 organisms per 100ml of samples analyzed. The Ganga water samples also showed the presence of Escherichia coli and further its antibiotic susceptibility pattern was performed by Kirby Bauer Agar well diffusion method. Various clinical significant antibiotics were used namely Streptomycin, Kanamycin, Meropenem, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin, Sulbactum and Tazobactum. All isolated Escherichia coli strains were found resistant to Tazobactum. The isolated E.coli from upstream water of Varanasi has shown resistance towards four out of eight antibiotics used. Escherichia coli present in all the samples have shown susceptibility towards Meropenem and Ciprofloxacin.
 Keywords: Ganga water, microbiological quality, Most Probable Number (MPN) of Coliform, MPN Faecal coliform, Escherichia coli, Antibiotic susceptibility and resistance
Highlights
The 2,525km long river Ganga rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows to the south and east through the genetic plain of north India into Bangladesh, where it empties into the Bay of Bengal
These samples were analyzed for the Enumeration of Coliform & Fecal coliform by Most Probable Number Techniques by using Multiple Tube Dilution Method and presence of E.coli which is a prominent member of family Enterobacteriaceae and is an indicator microorganism of fecal contamination of water bodies
It was found that the contamination in upstream water samples was less as compared to downstream water samples (Table 2).we can conclude that the coliform was found to be the maximum in the samples collected from Kanpur which is 33000 organisms per 100ml and the minimum contamination was found in the samples collected from Rishikesh which is 940 organisms per 100ml
Summary
The 2,525km long river Ganga rises in the western Himalayas in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows to the south and east through the genetic plain of north India into Bangladesh, where it empties into the Bay of Bengal. MPN Fecal coliform: Inoculate loopful from each Positive tubes from Presumptive phase in 10ml Brilliant Green Bile Lactose (BGBL) broth and incubate at 440 C for 24hrs.after 24 hrs observed the gas production in tubes (bubble formation in Durham’s tubes).if gas observed in BGBL tubes(Numbers in sets of tubes recorded). These tubes would be taken as Positive tubes and report results as MPN Fecal coliform/100ml.If no gas observed discontinued the test and report results as no growth observed in MPN Fecal coliform/100ml and discard the tubes. Petri-plates were observed for the inhibition zones, diameters of which were measured by using Vernier Caliper
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