Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders among Patients with Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener's) and the Predictive Role of Personality Traits.

Most youth in detention have 1 or more psychiatric disorders (1). Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the more prevalent disorders in detention, affecting at least 1 in 10 youth (2–4). One of the more debilitating aspects of PTSD is its tendency to co-occur with other psychiatric disorders (5–7). In a community sample, Giaconia and colleagues (8) found that nearly four-fifths of those with lifetime PTSD also had one or more additional disorders. Studies of detained adolescent males in Russia (9) and detained adolescent females in Australia (10) found that all of the detainees with PTSD had at least 1 comorbid disorder. It is unclear if PTSD increases the vulnerability to other disorders or if there are common genetic or environmental factors underlying the disorders (5,11). Researchers agree, however, that comorbid disorders have an adverse impact on the prognosis and treatment of individuals with PTSD. Youth with PTSD and comorbid disorders have significantly more behavioral and health problems and more impaired interpersonal relationships than those without comorbid disorders (5). Effective treatment planning for detained youth with PTSD requires epidemiologic data on patterns of prevalence and comorbidity. Yet, to our knowledge, no epidemiologic study of detainees in the US has examined PTSD and comorbid psychiatric disorders. In this paper, we administered standardized diagnostic measures to a large, stratified random sample of detained youth to: (a) compare the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among juvenile detainees with and without PTSD and (b) examine the prevalence of PTSD among youth with and without other psychiatric disorders.

Prevalence of psychiatric disorders among older adults in long-term care homes: a systematic review.

This study identified recent changes in the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) nursing home residents. Psychiatric diagnoses in administrative databases were summarized for nursing home residents in 1998, 2002, and 2006. Census prevalence rates were compared with findings from earlier VA nursing home surveys. Prevalence rates were compared for age groups and birth cohorts of VA nursing home admissions in 1998 (N=27,734) and 2006 (N=32,543). Among residents in the census samples, prevalence rates for dementia and schizophrenia fluctuated moderately from 1990 to 2006, depression prevalence increased sharply, alcohol use disorder prevalence declined, and drug use disorder prevalence increased. Among 1998 and 2006 admissions, dementia prevalence increased for most birth cohorts but declined for most age groups (35% to 32% overall). Depression prevalence increased for all age groups and birth cohorts (27% to 37% overall), as did posttraumatic stress disorder prevalence (5% to 12% overall). Serious mental illness prevalence increased among the oldest residents and birth cohorts (19% to 22% overall). Alcohol use disorder prevalence declined for all birth cohorts and most age groups (18% to 16% overall), but drug use disorder prevalence increased substantially for younger age groups (6% to 9% overall). Examining differences in prevalence between birth cohorts and age groups can clarify trends in nursing home resident characteristics and improve projections of their future needs.

BackgroundThe nation-wide epidemiological survey of psychiatric disorders in term of lifetime prevalence is not adequately known in Iran. The prevalence of lifetime psychiatric disorders was estimated among the population of aged 18 and over on gender, age group, educational level, occupational status, marital status, and residential area.MethodsThe subjects were 25,180 individuals selected through a clustered random sampling method. The psychiatric disorders were diagnosed on the bases of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria. It is the first study in which the structured psychiatric interview administered to a representative sample of the Iranian population age 18 and over by the 250 trained clinical psychologist interviewers. The data was entered through EPI-Info software twice in an attempt to prevent any errors and SPSS-11 statistical software was also used for analyses. The odds ratios and their confidence intervals estimated by using logistic regression.Results and DiscussionThe prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 10.81%. It was more common among females than males (14.34% vs. 7.34%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders were 8.35% and 4.29% respectively. The prevalence of psychotic disorders was 0.89%; neuro-cognitive disorders, 2.78% and dissociative disorders, 0.77%. Among mood disorders, major depressive disorder (2.98%) and among anxiety disorders, phobic disorder (2.05%) had the higher prevalence. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among divorced and separated 22.31%; residents of urban areas 11.77%; illiterates 13.80%; householders 15.48%; unemployed 12.33% that were more than other groups.ConclusionThe mental health pattern in Iran is similar to the western countries, but it seems that the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Iran may be lower than these countries.It is estimated that at least about 7 millions of Iranian population suffer from one or more of the psychiatric disorders. It shows the importance of the role of the psychiatric disorders in providing preventive and management programs in Iran.

The worldwide pooled prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children is 13.4%. Studying the prevalence of childhood psychiatric disorders across radically different economic systems and social structures could indicate universal factors leading to their development. The prevalence of childhood psychiatric disorders in a mixed-subsistence foraging society has not been studied. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Development and Well-Being Assessment were used to compare the prevalence of behavioural symptoms and psychiatric disorders in Hadza children aged 5–16 years (n = 113) to a nationally representative sample from England (n = 18,029) using a cross-sectional study design. Emotional problems, conduct problems and hyperactivity were lower in the Hadza children. Prosocial behaviour and peer problems were higher in Hadza children. 3.6% of Hadza children met the criteria for a psychiatric disorder compared to 11.8% of English children. All psychiatric disorders in Hadza children were co-morbid with autism spectrum disorder. No child from the Hadza group met the criteria for an emotional, behaviour or eating disorder. Further work should study the factors which lead to the different prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Hadza children.

Background:With a rapidly increasing population of older aged people, epidemiological data regarding the prevalence of mental and physical illnesses are urgently required for proper health planning. However, there is a scarcity of such data from India.Aims:To study the frequency and pattern of psychiatric morbidity present and the association of physical illness with psychiatric morbidity in an elderly urban population.Settings and Design:Cross-sectional, epidemiological study.Materials and Methods:All the consenting elderly persons in a municipal ward division (n=202) were enrolled after surveying a total adult population of 7239 people. A door to door survey was undertaken where the participants were interviewed and physically examined. General Health Questionnaire-12, Mini Mental State Examination, CAGE Questionnaire and Geriatric Depression Scale were used in the interview apart from consulting the available documents. Other family members were also interviewed to verify the information.Statistical Analysis:Chi-square test with Yates correction.Results:Psychiatric illnesses were detected in 26.7% while physical illnesses were present in 69.8% of the population surveyed. Predominant psychiatric diagnoses were depressive disorders, dementia, generalized anxiety disorder, alcohol dependence and bipolar disorder. The most common physical illness was visual impairment, followed by cardiovascular disease, rheumatic illnesses, pulmonary illnesses, hearing impairment, genitourinary diseases and neurological disorders. Presence of dementia was associated with increased age, single/widowed/separated status, nuclear family, economic dependence, low education, cardiovascular disorders, rheumatic disorders and neurological disorders. Depression was associated with female sex, single/widowed/separated status, staying in nuclear families, economic dependence on others and co-morbid physical illnesses, specifically cardiovascular disorders and visual impairment.Conclusions:This study presented a higher rate of dementia and old age depression. The interesting association with several sociodemographic factors as well as physical illnesses may have important implications for health planning.

Background: Despite the difficulties associated with establishing a diagnosis of a mental illness in persons with intellectual disability, most authors agree to say that those persons are at high risk of developing comorbid serious mental illness but the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in this population varies widely. The main reason for this variation lies in the difficulty to diagnose intellectual disability and psychiatric disorders at the same time. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between severity of intellectual disability and prevalence of psychiatric and somatic disorders in an adult population with intellectual disability treated in the Psychiatric Unit of Mental Development (UPDM) in Geneva, Switzerland. Methods: The present study is based on the analysis of the medical record of all ambulatory patients of the UPDM treated in March 2008. This population presents at least a dual diagnosis of intellectual disability associated with psychiatric disorders. Results: Data show that 59.1% of the total sample has behavioural disorders and this percentage increases with severity of intellectual disability since it is higher in persons with severe and profound intellectual disability (79.7%). Furthermore, 48.2% of our sample has psychiatric disorders and this percentage is higher for persons with mild intellectual disability (59.5%). The most frequent psychiatric diagnosis associated to intellectual disability are pervasive developmental disorders (27.4%) and its prevalence is higher in the severe and profound intellectual disability level (66.1%), while schizophrenia and disorders of adult personality are significantly more frequent in the mild intellectual disability level (20.4% and 23.0% respectively). Furthermore, 31% of the sample have somatic disorders and its prevalence is higher in persons with severe and profound intellectual disability (55.9%). Considering the total prevalence of all diagnoses, our results reveal that 65% of our sample have more than a dual diagnosis and that this is more frequent in persons with severe and profound intellectual disability (84.7%) compared to persons with mild intellectual disability (54.8%). Conclusions: The total prevalence of all psychiatric disorders decreases with severity of intellectual disability. These data are consistent with other studies, which found a lower prevalence of psychiatric disorders in participants with severe and profound intellectual disability. Our results also reveal that the total prevalence of all diagnoses increases with severity of intellectual disability, which is consistent with the literature since some authors underline the presence of multiple pathologies associated with intellectual disability. In general, our results are encouraging and suggest a progress in defining more precise diagnostic methods.

Background: There are numerous reports regarding increasing childhood and adolescent mental health problems. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Hamadan Province, west of Iran from July 2016 to May 2017.Study design: A cross-sectional study.Methods: The sample included 1025 Hamadan residents selected using multistage cluster sampling. Psychiatric disorders were assessed by semi-structured psychiatric interview Kiddie-Sads-Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL). The data were analyzed using the SPSS software. We used the multivariable logistic regression to predict the Odds Ratios (ORs).Results: The prevalence of total psychiatric disorder was 8.6%. Psychiatric disorders in boys were higher than girls (12.6% and 4.9%, respectively). The psychiatric disorders were most prevalent in 6-9 yr old age group (11%). The prevalence of behavioral disorder was 3.8% with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as the most prevalent case (2.0%). The prevalence of anxiety disorder was 2.8% in which the highest prevalence belonged to separation anxiety disorder (SAD) (1.1%). The prevalence of neurodevelopment disorder was 1.5% with the highest prevalence of 1% observed in epilepsy. The prevalence of mood disorder was 1.1% with the depressive disorder as the most prevalent one (1.0%). The prevalence of enuresis was 2.7%. The most common comorbidities were anxiety and mood disorders 5(50.0%).Conclusion: The prevalence of these disorders in Hamadan was less than the prevalence in other cities of Iran. These findings can be helpful for large-scale planning for children and adolescents.

Objective: The present study aimed at comparing the prevalence of major psychiatric disorders including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and generalized anxiety disorder between performance-enhancing drug users and nonuser bodybuilders. Moreover, the prevalence of major psychiatric disorders in bodybuilders was also reported.Method: In this study, 453 athletes were recruited from Bushehr bodybuilding gyms from February to May 2015. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the participants’ information, including demographic characteristics, sports’ status and performance-enhancing drug use. According to the condition of performance-enhancing drug use, the participants were divided into current users, non-current users, and nonusers. The psychiatric status of the participants was evaluated using DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and schizophrenia. We also asked about the acute psychotic disturbances after using performance-enhancing drugs, alcohol use, and history of aggressive behavior in bodybuilders. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and chi-square tests. Results: Prevalence of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, generalized anxiety disorder, and the overall prevalence of psychiatric disorders in the bodybuilders was 19.7%, 3.8%, 1.5%, 16.6%, and 26.7%, respectively. After using performance-enhancing drugs, 33% of the bodybuilders had experienced acute psychological disturbances. There were no significant differences between current, non-current, and nonuser bodybuilding athletes in the measured psychiatric disorders. Conclusion: Prevalence of psychiatric disorders was not significantly different in performance-enhancing drug users and nonusers. Thus, it can be concluded that performance-enhancing drugs do not increase the risk of psychiatric disorders in bodybuilders.

Psychiatric disorders are among the leading contributors to disability in India and worldwide. The pattern, prevalence, and distribution of psychiatric disorders in the country and its regions need to be assessed to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment. No study on the epidemiology of psychiatric disorders has been conducted in the Chhattisgarh state. This paper, as part of the National Mental Health Survey (NMHS), discusses the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric disorders in Chhattisgarh state. A stratified random cluster sampling technique and random selection based on probability proportional to size (PPS) at each stage were adopted. Participants were from three selected districts of Chhattisgarh, such as Janjgir-Champa, Kabirdham, and Raipur. Adults (aged ≥18 years) residing in selected households were interviewed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (version 6.0), the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence, the WHO-SEARO screening questionnaire for generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and screening tools for intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. A total of 2841 individuals were interviewed. The state's lifetime and current prevalence of psychiatric disorders for adults were 14.06% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 13.83-14.29] and 11.66% (95% CI = 11.45-11.87), respectively. Prevalence of substance use disorders, tobacco use disorders, schizophrenia and related disorders, and mood disorders was 32.4% (95% CI = 32.09-32.71), 29.86% (95% CI = 29.56-30.16), 0.8% (95% CI = 0.75-0.86), and 4.44% (95% CI = 4.31-4.58), respectively. High risk for suicide was detected in 0.28% (95% CI = 0.25-0.31). Psychiatric disorders were twice more common in males than in females. The study gives authentic data on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Chhattisgarh. This shall pave the way for policymakers and planners to design state-specific plans for dealing with mental disorders and related issues.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of major psychiatric disorders among North Korean defectors (NKD) settled in South Korea. MethodsThe study population consisted of 294 North Korean defectors, aged 18 to 64 years settled in South Korea for 3 years or less. Between June 1, 2016 and October 31, 2016, face-to-face interviews were conducted using the North Korean version of the WHO-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (NK-CIDI) to diagnose DSM-IV psychiatric disorders. ResultsThe lifetime prevalence of any DSM-IV psychiatric disorders was 62.2% in NKD and 25.0% in the general Korean population. The prevalence of specific disorders in NKD and general Korean population was as follows: 22.3% and 4.9% for major depressive disorder (MDD), 12.2% and 1.4% for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 18.0% and 4.8% for nicotine dependence, and 14.5% and 11.2% for alcohol abuse. The incidence of every single psychiatric disorder varied in each country. For instance, the generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, and alcohol use disorder occurred more frequently in North Korea whereas PTSD was more prevalent in other countries. ConclusionThe prevalence of psychiatric disorders among NKD was quite higher than in the general population of South Korea.

To determine the prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in a representative sample of children and adolescents living in Santiago, Chile, as part of a national sample. Subjects aged 4-18 were selected using a stratified multistage design. First, ten municipalities/comunas of Santiago were selected; then the blocks, homes, and child or adolescent to be interviewed were chosen. Psychology graduate students administered the Spanish-language, computer-assisted version of DISC-IV that estimated DSM-IV 12-month prevalence. A total of 792 children and adolescents were evaluated, with a participation rate of 76.7%. The most stringent impairment DSM-IV DISC algorithm for psychiatric disorders revealed a prevalence of 25.4% (20.7% for boys and 30.3% for girls). The majority of the diagnoses corresponded to anxiety and affective disorders. Prevalence was higher in children aged 4-11 (31.9%) than in adolescents aged 12-18 (18.2%). This difference was mainly accounted for by disruptive disorders in the younger age group. Anxiety disorders had the highest prevalence, although impairment was low. In contrast, most children and adolescents with affective disorders were impaired. In Santiago, the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents was high. This study helps raise awareness of child and adolescent mental health issues in Spanish-speaking Latin America and serves as a basis for improving mental health services.

Psychopathology in Verified Huntington's Disease Gene Carriers

About 96 percent of all residents of Taiwan were enrolled in the National Health Insurance (NHI) program in 2000. This study used claims data from the NHI database to determine the prevalence of and the demographic characteristics that are associated with psychiatric disorders. A total of 200,432 persons, about 1 percent of Taiwan's population, were randomly selected from the NHI database. Persons under the age of 18 years and persons who were not eligible for NHI in 2000 were excluded, leaving 137,914 persons available for this study. Data for enrollees who had at least one service claim during 2000 for ambulatory or inpatient care for a principal diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder were classified into one of the psychiatric disorder categories according to ICD-9-CM diagnostic criteria. Data from the 2000 NHI study were compared with data from a 1985 community survey, the Taiwan Psychiatric Epidemiological Project, to determine how the prevalence of psychiatric disorders changed over the 15-year period. The one-year prevalence of any major psychiatric disorder, any minor psychiatric disorder, and any psychiatric disorder were 1.37 percent, 4.26 percent, and 5.30 percent, respectively. The differences in prevalence between the sexes were significant for five major and nine minor psychiatric disorders. The prevalence for eight psychiatric disorders were lower in the 2000 NHI study than in the 1985 community survey. However, the prevalence of schizophrenic disorder was found to be higher in the 2000 study and the prevalence of bipolar disorder was found to be the same in both studies. Because the prevalence of psychiatric disorders were generally lower in this study and in the 1985 community survey than those in other countries, it was concluded that both major and minor psychiatric disorders were undertreated in Taiwan. It is necessary for the public health department and the general population to emphasize mental illness education, prevention, and treatment in Taiwan.

The knowledge about prevalence of psychiatric disorders in all age groups is fundamental to plan an adequate mental health care. To determine the prevalence of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders in a representative sample of children and adolescents living in the province of Cautin, Chile. Subjects aged between 4 and 18 years were selected in an aleatory stratified multistage fashion. As part of a national sample, four counties in Cautín were selected, then blocks, homes and the child or adolescent to be interviewed. Psychology graduate students applied the Spanish computer version of DISC-IV, as well as a questionnaire on family risk factors, socioeconomic index and service use. A sample of 272 children and adolescents was evaluated, obtaining 93,4% of participation. Using the most stringent impairment algorithm, the prevalence rate for any psychiatric disorder was 16.8%, being 16.5% in boys and 17.1% in girls and mainly explained by anxiety and affective disorders. Prevalence was practically the same in the group aged 4 to 11 years than in those aged 12 to 18 years (16.7% and 16.8% respectively). Prevalence of anxiety disorders was the highest, but less associated with impairment. On the other hand, all children and adolescents with affective disorders were impaired. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Cautín is high in children and adolescents.