Prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities and cognitive dysfunction among chronic kidney disease patients in a general hospital.

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a profound clinical challenge, not only affecting physical health but also significantly impacting mental well-being. The complex interplay between CKD and psychiatric morbidities remains understudied. To address the existing gap by investigating the prevalence and patterns of psychiatric morbidity and cognitive dysfunction among CKD patients. This study adopted a cross-sectional and hospital-based study design. It included 72 patients diagnosed with CKD who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Structured clinical interviews, validated assessment tools (GHQ-12, HAD-S, AUDIT, Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III), and a proforma gathered data on socio-demographic factors, illness severity, treatment history, and psychiatric history. 70.1% of participants exhibited psychological distress, indicating a high prevalence of psychiatric morbidity. Anxiety disorders were prevalent, affecting 58.1% of participants, while depression affected 32.3% (12.9% mild, 20.8% moderate, 4.8% severe). Cognitive impairment varied with CKD severity, with Stage 3 showing better scores than Stage 4, and hemodialysis patients exhibiting the most significant decline. This study underscores the substantial burden of psychiatric morbidity and cognitive dysfunction in CKD patients within a general hospital setting. Early identification and integrated interventions in mental health care are crucial for improving CKD patient outcomes and well-being.