Abstract
Pre-diabetes is an emerging public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. To estimate prevalence of pre-diabetes and assess its associated factors among adolescents. The risk factors were divided into individual, interpersonal and community factors, adapting socio-ecological model. This study utilised a cross-sectional descriptive survey. The target population was secondary school adolescents of Osogbo Local Government. Questionnaire was used to interview 405 participants through multi-stage sampling. Prediabetes was measure through fasting blood glucose. Findings revealed prevalence rate of 9.4%. Individual factors identified to be significant include age, religion and family history. Further analysis showed adolescents with normal BMI and high BP are likely to develop pre-diabetes when compared to those with underweight and normal BP respectively. Among interpersonal factors, parents' dietary habit was significant. Also, adolescents with employed parents were likely to develop pre-diabetes compared to those with unemployed parents. Lastly, availability of healthy food in school was the only statistically significant community factor. Hence, the more availability of food, fruits and vegetables in schools, the less likelihood of developing prediabetes. These findings affirmed that prediabetes is becoming common problem among Nigerian adolescents. There is therefore need for stakeholders to face this challenge before it becomes endemic.
Highlights
More African people will die from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) than infectious diseases by 2030; with 27% increase in deaths expected over ten years[1,2]
Prediabetes is defined as plasma glucose levels that are elevated above the normal range, but below the threshold for diabetes
It was deduced that 20.2% (n=82) of participants were underweight, 73.8% (n=299) had normal Body Mass Index (BMI), 3.5% (n=14) overweight while 2.5% (n=10) were obese; 88.4% (n=358) had normal Blood pressure (BP), 7.9% (n=32) had elevated BP, 3.0% (n=12) had stage I hypertension while 0.7% (n = 3) had stage II hypertension
Summary
More African people will die from non-communicable diseases (NCDs) than infectious diseases by 2030; with 27% increase in deaths expected over ten years[1,2]. Prediabetes and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) are increasing problems in sub-Saharan Africa with type II DM being the most common[4]. World Health Organisation (WHO) defines prediabetes as Fasting Plasma Glucose, FPG level of 110 - 125 mg/dL and/or Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, OGTT of 140 - 200 mg/dl; while International Society for Pediatric Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) defines it as FPG of 100 – 125 mg/dl or OGTT of 140 – 200 mg/dl 5,6. Pre-diabetes is an emerging public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. Objectives: To estimate prevalence of pre-diabetes and assess its associated factors among adolescents. Adolescents with employed parents were likely to develop pre-diabetes compared to those with unemployed parents. Availability of healthy food in school was the only statistically significant community factor. Prevalence of pre-diabetes and risk factors among secondary school adolescents in Osogbo Local Government Area, Osun State, Nigeria.
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