Abstract
Prediabetes can be defined by the presence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) to identify individuals at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The World Health Organization (WHO, 1999) and the American Diabetes Association (ADA, 2003) utilise different cut-off values for IFG (WHO: 6.1–6.9 mmol/L; ADA: 5.6–6.9 mmol/L) but the same cut-off values for IGT (7.8–11.0 mmol/L). This review investigates whether there are differences in prevalence of IFG, IGT, and combined IFG&IGT between ethnicities, in particular Asian Chinese and European Caucasians. In total, we identified 19 studies using the WHO1999 classification, for which the average proportional prevalence for isolated (i)-IFG, i-IGT, and combined IFG&IGT were 43.9%, 41.0%, and 13.5%, respectively, for Caucasian and 29.2%, 49.4%, and 18.2%, respectively, for Asian. For the 14 studies using ADA2003 classification, the average proportional i-IFG, i-IGT, and combined IFG&IGT prevalences were 58.0%, 20.3%, and 19.8%, respectively, for Caucasian; 48.1%, 27.7%, and 20.5%, respectively, for Asian. Whilst not statistically different, there may be clinically relevant differences in the two populations, with our observations for both classifications indicating that prevalence of i-IFG is higher in Caucasian cohorts whilst i-IGT and combined IFG&IGT are both higher in Asian cohorts.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major health concern worldwide and is increasing in parallel with the obesity epidemic [1]
There were a total of 32,204 individuals classified with prediabetes from 19 studies (Table 2), of which 10,999 were Caucasian and 21,205 were Asian (11 studies), based on the WHO1999 classification; and 27,112 individuals classified with prediabetes from 14 studies (Table 3), of which 11,744 were Caucasian and 15,765 were
The average proportional i-impaired fasting glucose (IFG) for the WHO1999 prediabetes classification was 43.9% and
Summary
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major health concern worldwide and is increasing in parallel with the obesity epidemic [1]. Perceived to be a disease plaguing the more developed nations, such as the countries of Western Europe, North America, and Oceania, T2D prevalence rates have recently been reported to be escalating in developing Asian countries [1], in particular, China [5,6,7,8], and it is estimated that rates will reach 69% by 2030 in comparison to 20% in developed western countries [9]. Asia [10], with 10–25% of the population currently obese across Asian countries [11], there is an alarming number of individuals diagnosed with T2D. Asian countries [11], For thereexample, is an alarming number of 100 individuals diagnosed with cases ofFor. T2D were inreported in 100 China [7,12].
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